On the presence of Pyridine in Naphtha^ /^ 9^ 



arrive at satisfactory results. When chloride of iodine is added 

 to a concentrated solution of hydrochlorate of codeine, a fine 

 yellow crystalline precipitate makes its appearance. It is inso- 

 luble in water, but readily soluble in boiling alcohol. If this 

 solution is carefully effected, and too much of the substance be 

 not added, it crystallizes on cooling in stellar groups of a fine 

 red colour, but if a large quantity is dissolved, it is deposited as 

 a perfectly amorphous mass. Unfortunately, the iodine is 

 retained with a very feeble affinity, and I have found that at 

 every crystallization, a small quantity is separated and remains 

 in the fluid, so that results of a satisfactory character could not 

 be obtained on its analysis. It is soluble in hydrochloric acid, 

 and if the solution be made hot, it deposits at first an oily sub- 

 stance, which afterwards concretes to a flocky mass. Both am- 

 monia and potash precipitate it from its solution in hydrochloric 

 acid, the former giving a slightly coloured substance. With 

 chloride of platinum it yields a bright yellow precipitate, one de- 

 termination of the platinum in which gave 12"20 per cent.; 

 11-95 corresponds to the formula C^^ H'^ F NO^ HCl PtCF 

 4- HO, which represents the hydrated salt of a base, which 

 may be called di-iodocodeine, as being derived from codeine by 

 the substitution of two atoms of iodine for two of hydrogen. 



These experiments were conducted in the laboratory of Pro- 

 fessor Anderson, to whom I am mwch indebted for assistance 

 during their prosecution. 



XXIX. On the presence of Pyridine among the volatile Bases in 

 the Naphtha from the Bituminous Shale of Dorsetshire, and on 

 the fractional Crystallisation of Platinum-salts. By C. Gre- 

 viLLE Williams*. 



IN 1846 we were made acquainted with a new organic base 

 which occurred, together with aniline and leucoline, in 

 coal-tar ; subsequently to this, the same substance was found to 

 exist in the Oleum animate Dippellii, as procured from bones by 

 distillation : the interesting discovery was also made by Anderson, 

 that this base, to which he gave the name of picoline, was one 

 of a series of nitryle bases having the general formula (C"* H"~^) N, 

 of which the first term was pyridine, C^^ H^ N. 



In an examination which I made of the basic part of the 

 Dorsetshire shale naphtha t, I ascertained the presence of this 

 series of bases from picoline upwards, as far as the one recently 

 discovered, consisting of C^^* H^^ N. I also showed the presence 

 of a new base still higher in the series, and consisting of C^^ H '^ N. 



* Communicated by the Author. 



t Quarterly Journal of the Chem. Soc. July 1854. 



Phil, Mag, S. 4. Vol. 8. No. 51. Sept, 1854. P 



