48 M. Kolbe on the Constitution of Bibasic Acids. 



tyle is formed*, from which he has further obtained chloroethyl- 

 sulphuric and amidocthylsulphuric acids, and sulphovinic acid. 

 Amidoethylsulphuric acid is identical with taurine. The rela- 

 tions of these bodies to each other, and to the corresponding 

 terms derived from carbonic acid, are thus seen : — 



(C 2 2 )0 2 S 2 4 ,0 2 . 



Carbonic acid. Sulphuric acid. 



HO, C 4 H 5 (C 2 O 2 ) HO, C 4 H 5 (S 2 4 )0. 



Propionic acid. Ethylsulphuric acid. 



° 4 ci 4 } (C2 ° 2) C1 ° 4 ci 4 } (S2 ° 4 ' CL 



Chloride of chloropropionyle New chloride, 



(chlorolactyle). 



H °' ° 4 S 4 H «} ( CS ° 5 )' ° H0 ' ° 4 NH»} <* ° 4 ' ?• 



Amidopropionic acid Amidoethylsulphuric acid 



(alanine). (taurine). 



H0, ° 4 HO 2 } (C2 ° 2) ° H0, ^ HO 2 } (S ' ° 4J °* 



Oxypropionic acid Oxyethylsulphuric acid 



(lactic acid). (isethionic acid.) 



Kolbe extends these views to explain the constitution of some 



bibasic acids which stand in close relation to those of the acetic 



acid series. He derives these acids from the compound group, 



C 2 O 2 ^1 

 a double atom of carbonic acid, p 2n2 r^ 4, When two of the 



extra-radical atoms of oxygen are replaced by a diatomic radical 

 (for example, ethylene and homologous or corresponding carbo- 

 hydrogens), we obtain acids of the succinic series, and the analo- 

 gous acids, pthalic acid, &c. Thus : 



Succinic acid . . 2HO (C 4 H 4 )" (J£[£W 



Suberic acid . . 2HO(C l2 H 12 )''(£ 2 £ 2 W. 



Sebacicacid . . 2HO (C i6 H ,6 )"/^q1)o«. 



Pthalic acid . . 2HO (C 12 H 4 )" (££ °*\ O 2 . 



Insolinic acid . . 2110 (C 14 H 6 )" (££o«)o a . 



Now, malic and tartaric acids differ from succinic acid by con- 

 taining respectively two and four atoms of oxygen more than 



• Phil. Mng. vol. xviii. p. 285* 



