History and Progress of Comparative Anatomy. 161 



ventricles. The fourth unfolds the third ventricle (t/? »>^m r^im 

 xotXix), the communication between the two latter ones, the psal- 

 loid or arch-like body (<rttfcx -^^xXi^&uhi), fornix, and the passage 

 from the third to the fourth ventricle. In the fifth, he gives an 

 accurate description of the relations of the third and fourth ven- 

 tricle, of the situation of the two pairs of eminences, nates, 

 (yXovrx) and testes Qi^^ix vel c^x*^g)y the scolecoid or worm-like 

 process, anterior and posterior, the tendons or processes, and, 

 lastly, the linear furrow, called by Herophilus calamus scripto- 

 rius*. He appears not to have known the inferior recesses. 

 Morgagni however concludes, from a passage of the 7th book 

 9r6g< AoyfcxTAtyf that he did ; but after accurately examining this 

 and others of his anatomical writings, I cannot see any good 

 reason for admitting the inference. 



In the ^account of the thoracic organs, equal accuracy may 

 be recognised. He distinguishes the pleura by the name of in- 

 closing membrane (vf^tviv vTrt^MKc^^, membrana succingeiis), and 

 remarks its similitude in structure to that of the peritoneum, and 

 the covering which it affords to all the organs -|-. The pericar- 

 dium, also, he describes as a membranous sac with a circular 

 basis corresponding to the base of the heart, and a conical 

 apex ; and after an account of the tunics of the arteries and 

 veins, he speaks shortly of the lung, and more at length of the 

 heart, which, however, he takes some pains to prove not to be 

 muscular, because it is harder, its fibres are differently arranged, 

 and its action is incessant, whereas that of muscle alternates 

 with the state of rest. In the particular description of the parts 

 of the organ he ascribes to the auricles a more cuticular structure 

 than to the other parts ; he gives a good account of the valves 

 and of the vessels ; and notices especially the bony ring formed 

 in the heart of the horse, elephant, and other large animals. 



The description of the abdominal organs, and of the kidneys 

 and urinary apparatus, is still more minute, and in general very 

 accurate. Our limits, however, do not permit us to give any 

 abstract of them ; and it is sufficient in general to say, that Ga- 



• n»g< AiaTtfiiKUD 'Ey^ii^fftuv, lib. ix. 



•j- AXX* vTt^afKes evTvi vTorttnTott 'ra.fft rets tviov reu 6at^»x»f o^yatvtif i>( o Tl« 

 ^irevaiof iXi^6ri,xat thu^in rois xarw tuv <p^tvuv. Ibid, 



OCTOBER DECEMBER 18^9. L 



