306 T>v Craigie's Ohservatlwis on tJie 



of modern zoology, for instance the whale, physeter, ore, seal, 

 dolphin and turtle, have organs of this description. Those of 

 the seal, he observes, are similar to those of the wolf, that is, 

 consist of several kidneys and several lobules, as in the human 

 foetus and infant. Those of the dolphin and otter he compares 

 to a cluster of conglobate or aggregated lobes. In speaking of 

 the bladders of genuine fishes, he remarks, that in river fishes, 

 and some sea fishes, there is one filled with air between the 

 spine and peritoneum, evidently referring to the air-bladder. 



In describing the organs of generation, he still observes an 

 accurate distinction between the cetaceous and genuine fishes. 

 In the former, for instance, the dolphin, seal, and whale, there 

 are testes and penis, the former oblong, roundish, and con- 

 tained within the abdomen ; while the females have uterus, va- 

 gina and mammoe. In genuine fishes, however, which are void 

 of proper testes, their place is supplied by two long canals 

 {meatus), suspended from the diaphragm on each side of the 

 spine, meeting in one canal, and opening in the common outlet 

 for the excrements, or what is now denominated the cloaca. He 

 mentions also the periodical enlargement of these bodies, which 

 manifestly correspond with the milt or soft roe. Under the 

 name of Galeus acanthias and Galeus laevis, he describes two 

 species of ovoviviparous sharks, gives a distinct account of their 

 uterine cavities, and of the mode in which the young are reared 

 within the body of the parent, and delineates a large specimen 

 of the latter, with one young one adhering to it by the umbili- 

 cal vessels. " Galei qui laeves vocantur," he says, " ova in 

 media vulva gestant, ut caniculae, quae postea in utrumque uteri 

 sinum descendunt ; mox animal gignitur, umbilico haerente ad 

 vulvam, ita ut ovo absumpto partus non aliter quam in quadru- 

 pedibus contineri videatur. Adhaeret umbilicus ille prolixus 

 capite altero ad partem vulvae inferiorem velut ex acetabulo 

 annexus, altero ad medium foetum qua in parte jecur est. Nos 

 foetum cum umbilico matri adhaerente pingendum curavimus, 

 et a caniculis, vulpibus, aliisquc galeis discerneretur, cum nullus 

 ex galeis alius sit cujus foetus secundis membranisque involva- 

 tur, utcroque matris per umbilicum alligetur." De Piscibus, 

 lib. xiii. cap. iii. The several species of this genus which cor- 

 respond to the Selachides of Cuvier, Rondelet represents with 



