Hiiiory and Progress of Comparative Anatomy. 295 



various parts of the liumaii body. He is the first who applies 

 tlie name of Ovaries to the ovoiclal bodies placed in the folds 

 of the broad ligaments of the female uterus, and considers them 

 as receptacles of ova. This opinion Steno afterwards adopted 

 without acknowledgment. 



Similar objections to those already urged in speaking of Mon- 

 dino, apply to another anatomist of these times, Gabriel de 

 Zerbis, who flourished at Verona towards the conclusion of the 

 fifteenth century, is the author of a system. In which he is more 

 anxious to astonish his readers, by ihe wonders of a verbose and 

 complicated style, than to instruct by precise and faithful descrip- 

 tion. He recommends the dissection of animals, and especially 

 the monkey. He is superior to Mondino in knowing the olfacient 

 nerves, and he recognises the vascular structure of the testicles. 



Eminent in the history of the science, Alexander Achillini 

 of Bologna, the pupil and commentator of Mondino, appeared 

 at the close of the fifteenth century, and, as Professor of Medi- 

 cine in that University, attracted by his celebrity numerous stu^ 

 dents from every part of the world. Though a follower of the 

 Arabian school, the assiduity with which he cultivated anatomy 

 has rescued his name from tlie inglorious obscurity in which the 

 Arabesque doctors have in general slumbered. He is known 

 in the history of anatomical discovery as the first who described 

 the two tympanal bones termed malleus and incus. In 1503, 

 he shewed that the tarsus consists of seven bones ; he redis- 

 covered the fornix and infundibulum ; and he was fortunate 

 enough to observe the course of the cerebral cavities into the 

 inferior cornua, and to remark peculiarities to which the anato- 

 mists of a future age did not advert. He mentions the orifices 

 of the ducts afterwards described by Wharton. He knew the 

 ileo-caecal valve ; and his description of the duodenum, ileum, 

 and colon, shews that he was better acquainted with the site 

 and disposition of these bowels than any of his predecessors or 

 contemporaries. By representing the urachus to be hollow, he 

 shews that he had examined it only in the foetus of the lower 

 animals. 



Immediately after, the science boasts of one of its most dis- 

 tinguished founders. James Berenger of Carpi, in the Mode- 

 nese territory, was professor of anatomy and surgery in the 

 university of Bologna. His first course, he is represented by 



