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On the Regions of Perpetual Snow in Norway and Sweden. 

 By Lieutenant-Colonel Hagelstam. 



Height of the perpetual snow region, or line of congelation, reckoned in feet 

 from the level of the sea. Latitude where the principal trees, plants, and 

 cultivated vegetables cease generally to grow. 



I. Norway. 

 The snow region at the North Cape is 2400 feet. Cloudber- 

 ries (Ruhus ChamcBmorus) on the summit of the Stappen Rocks, 

 and islands adjacent. The dwarf birch at Hammerfest, Lat. 70" 

 W 5^^ From recent experiments made at the instance of the 

 Horticultural Society of London, the following vegetables suc- 

 ceed, viz. cabbages, turnips, carrots, spinage, lettuces. From 

 the two latter a second crop. English peas produce in favour- 

 able summers. 



From 70° to 69°- — Juniper bushes at Alten, near Lat. 70° 

 The Scotch fir attains 60 feet and upwards. The snow region 

 is here 3600 feet. Blaeberries (Vaccinium myrtillus). Bar- 

 ley succeeds sometimes in the valleys. Currants. Strawber- 

 ries. Raspberries. Arctic raspberry (Ruhus arcticus). 



From 69° to 68°.— North of Lat. 67° no other natural wood is 

 found in Norway than the birch and Scotch fir, and these only 

 along the deeper fiords and considerable streams. The extraor- 

 dinarily productive fishery of stor, torsk or cabeljo (stockfish 

 Grtdu^ callarias and G. morhria) takes place in February in the 

 Vestfiord. 



From 68'' to 67°. — Whales and herrings abundant along the 

 whole of the coast of Nordland. The inhabitants are entirely 

 dependent on the fishery for their support. The snow region 

 over the coast is 3300 feet ; upon mountains 3900. 



From 67° to ^Q°, — General limits of the spruce-fir. Rye 

 ceases. 



From QiSt" to 65°. — Oysters. Ash. Hemp. Spring rye suc- 

 ceeds more frequently than autumn rye, and in these latitudes 

 ripens in from six to seven weeks. Cole cabbage. 



From 65° to 64°. Oats. Flax. Peas. Beans. Hops. 



Wheat in small quantity. 



JULY SEPTEMBER 18J28. U 



