ROSACEAE. 203 



toward the apex, tomentose beneath; flowers in dense panicles, 8-20 cm. long; 

 petals rose-colored. 



In swamps and on the margins of lakes, common. 



Spiraea menziesii Hook. Erect shrub, 11.5 m. high, not much branched, 

 minutely pubescent on the young twigs and under side of the leaves; leaves 

 oblong, acute or obtuse, rounded or cuneate at base, green on both sides, 

 coarsely serrate above the middle, rarely entire, 3-6 cm. long; petioles short; 

 panicles dense, pyramidal or oblong, 5-20 cm. long; flowers rose-colored; 

 calyx-lobes becoming reflexed; carpels 5, glabrous. 



In wet places, rare west of the Cascade Mountains. Common in the 

 interior. 



271. ARUNCUS. GOAT'S BEARD. 



Tall dioecious herbs; leaves 2-3-pinnate, the leaflets rather 

 large, ovate-oblong; flowers sessile or nearly so, on long spike-like 

 branches in a large open panicle; petals small, narrow, white; 

 carpels 3 or 4. 



Aruncus aruncus (L.) Karst. Glabrous; stems erect, 1-2 m. high; leaflets 

 ovate or lanceolate, acuminate, doubly dentate, 5-10 cm. long; panicle large; 

 flowers white. 



On moist cliffs and banks, not rare. 



272. RUBUS. 



Perennial herbs or shrubs or vines, often prickly; leaves alter- 

 nate, simple, or pinnately 3-7-foliolate, with stipules adherent 

 to the petiole; flowers white or red, solitary or in racemes or 

 corymbs; calyx 5-lobed, without bractlets; petals 5, conspicuous; 

 stamens numerous, on the calyx-tube; styles nearly terminal; 

 carpels numerous, on the convex receptacle, ripening into 1- 

 seeded drupelets forming an aggregate fruit. 



Herbs. 



Leaves palmately lobed; carpels tomentose. R. lasiococcus. 



Leaves palmately compound; carpels glabrous. R. pedatus. 



Shrubs. 



Stems trailing. 



Leaves mostly compound; berries black. R. macro petalus. 



Leaves mostly simple; berries red. R. nivalis. 



Stems erect or ascending. 



Leaves palmately lobed ; not prickly. R. parviflorus. 



Leaves compound; prickly. 



Stems perennial; berry cylindric. R. laciniatus. 



Stems biennial; berry hemispheric. 



Flowers red ; berries yellow or orange. R. spectabilis. 



Flowers white; berries black. R. leucodermis. 



Rubus lasiococcus Gray. Herbaceous with trailing stems; leaves broadly 

 ovate, 3-5-lobed or rarely 3-foliolate, the lobes or leaflets serrate; flowers 

 white, solitary, on slender peduncles; fruit composed of few-several large red 

 fuzzy drupelets. 



In shaded mountain woods, common. 



Rubus pedatus Smith. Much like R. lasiococcus but the leaves palmate 

 with 3-5 leaflets; fruit red, not fuzzy. 



In mountain woods, often growing with R. lasiococcus. 



