LORANTHACEAE. 123 



specialized roots (haustoria) ; leaves opposite; flowers regular, 

 terminal or axillary, clustered or solitary, dioecious (in ours); 

 calyx-tube adnate to the ovary; stamens 2-6; ovary solitary, 

 erect; style simple or none; stigma terminal; fruit a berry; seed 

 solitary; endosperm usually copious and fleshy. 



Leaves scale-like, united at base; anthers 1-celled; 



berry stalked. 153. RAZOUMOFSKYA, 123. 



Leaves flat; anthers 2-celled; berry sessile. 154. PHORADENDRON, 123. 



153. RAZOUMOFSKYA. SNAPPERS. 



Small fleshy glabrous plants, parasitic on the branches of 

 coniferous trees; branches 4-angled; leaves reduced to opposite 

 connate scales: flowers dioecious, not bracted, solitary or several 

 together in the axils of the scales; staminate flowers with 2-5- 

 parted calyx and usually an equal number of stamens; pistillate 

 flowers with an inferior ovary; berry fleshy, ovoid, more or less 

 flattened, when ripe violently ejecting the glutinous seed. 



Staminate flowers in panicles; branches in pairs or whorls; 



on Pinus contorta. R. americana. 



Staminate flowers in simple or compound spikes; branches 



solitary. 



Stems tufted, 3-12 cm. high; on Tsuga heterophylla. R. tsugemis. 

 Stems scattered, not so tall. 



Stems 0.5-2 cm. high; onPseudotsugamucronata. R. douglasii. 

 Stems 3-7 cm. high; on Abies. R. douglasii abietina. 



Razoumofskya americana Nutt. Stems olivaceous, slender, much branched, 

 the branches in pairs or whorls; staminate plants 6-10 cm. long, the pistillate 

 a little smaller; staminate flowers with ovate acutish lobes; fruit bluish-green, 

 4 mm. long. 



On Pinus contorta, causing swellings and distortions. Victoria, Vancouver 

 Island, British Columbia, Macoun; Mount Constitution, Orcas Island, Pratt. 



Razoumofskya tsugensis Rosendahl. Stems slender, 3-12 cm. high, much 

 branched, olive-yellow in color; fruit obovate, beaked, 4-5 mm. long. 

 Only on the hemlock, but usually abundant when found. 



Razoumofskya douglasii (Engelm.) Kuntze. Stems greenish yellow, scat- 

 tered; branches pubescent; spikes about 5-flowered; sepals of the staminate 

 flowers ovate-orbicular, acute, 1 mm. long; fruit 5 mm. long. 



On the Douglas spruce; known in our limits only south of the Columbia 

 River. 



Razoumofskya douglasii abietina (Engelm.) Piper. Stems 3-7 cm. high, 

 the branches spreading or recurved; staminate flowers 2.5 mm. broad; fruit 4 

 mm. long. 



On Abies grandis and A. concolor; not known from north of the Columbia 

 River in our limits. 



154. PHORADENDRON. 



Shrubs, parasitic on trees, with terete usually jointed and brittle 

 twigs; leaves opposite, flat, entire or wavy, faintly nerved ; flowers 



