ARALIACEAE. 255 



calyx adherent to the ovary, the limb entire or toothed; petals 5, 

 epigynous; stamens 5, epigynous, alternate with the petals; 

 styles 2 or more; ovary 2 or more celled, crowned with a disk; 

 fruit a few-celled drupe. 



337. ECHINOPANAX. 



Stout shrubs, ours very prickly; leaves simple, long-petioled, 

 suborbicular, palmately-lobed ; flowers perfect or polygamous, in 

 numerous umbels which are in racemes or panicles; calyx-margin 

 narrow or obsolete, obscurely crenate-lobed; carpels (in ours) 2. 



Echinopanax horridum (Smith) Dene. & Planch. Devil's Club. Shrub; 

 stems 1-4 m. long, mostly decumbent below, armed with pale prickles; leaves 

 all at the summit of the stem, 10-30 cm. broad, palmately 5-13-lobed; lobes 

 acute and serrate; petioles and principal veins prickly beneath; flowers 

 greenish-yellow; fruit scarlet. 



Abundant in wet places. The prickles make painful wounds and are there- 

 fore but erroneously supposed to be poisonous. The whole plant has a rank 

 odor. 



Family 72. UMBELLIFERAE. PARSLEY FAMILY. 



Herbs; stems usually hollow; leaves compound or simple; 

 petioles often dilated at the base; flowers small, in umbels or 

 rarely heads, the umbels often subtended by primary bracts (the 

 involucre}; in compound umbels, the secondary rays often sub- 

 tended by secondary bracts (the involucels) ; calyx entirely ad- 

 herent to the ovary; petals and stamens on the calyx-tube; base 

 of the style (stylo podium), often expanded; ovary 2-celled, 2- 

 ovuled; fruit of 2 seed-like dry carpels with contiguous inner 

 surfaces (the commissure), each carpel marked lengthwise with 

 5 primary ribs and often with 4 intermediate secondary ones, in 

 the intervals between which oil-tubes are commonly found; 

 carpels often separating from each other, supported on the sum- 

 mit of a slender axis (the carpophore}. 



Mature fruits are absolutely necessary for accurate determina- 

 tions in this family. 



Flowers in dense heads; fruit scaly or tubercu- 



late. 338. ERYNGIUM, 257. 



Flowers in umbels. 



Fruit more or less bristly. 



Bristles hooked, covering the whole fruit 



surface. 339. SANICULA, 257. 



Bristles only on the ribs of the fruit. 



Stylopodium obsolete; bristles barbed 



at tip. 340. DAUCUS, 258. 



