CORNACEAE. 269 



363. CORNUS. DOGWOOD. 



Herbs, shrubs or trees; leaves opposite, sometimes appar- 

 ently whorled, entire; flowers perfect, in a cymose or capitate 

 cluster; calyx minutely 4-toothed; petals 4, oblong or ovate; 

 stamens 4, with slender filaments; style 1 ; drupe ovoid or oblong, 

 with a 2-celled 2-seeded stone, 



Flowers in loose cymes, not involucrate; fruit white. C. occidentalis. 



Flowers in head-like cymes, surrounded by a conspicuous in- 

 volucre; fruit red. 



Tree, 10-20 m. high; bracts 4-8 cm. long. C. nuttallii. 



Herb, 8-20 cm. high; bracts 1-2 cm. long. C. canadensis. 



Cornus occidentalis (T. & G.) Coville. Much branched shrub, 2-5 m. 

 high, with red twigs, these hairy when young; leaves ovate to oval, acute to 

 acuminate, mostly cuneate at base, glabrous above, loose pubescent beneath, 

 4-8 cm. long; petiole 1-2 cm. long; cymes short-peduncled, 2-6 cm. broad, 

 pubescent; flowers cream-colored, 6-8 mm. broad; fruit globose, white; stone 

 oblique, compressed, the edge furrowed. 



In wet ground, especially on stream banks, common. 



Cornus nuttallii Audubon. Tree 6-12, rarely 20 m. high; bark gray-brown, 

 smooth or on very old trunks flaky; young twigs pubescent; wood fine-grained, 

 white; winter buds sharp-pointed; leaves obovate, acute or acuminate, cuneate 

 at base, puberulent above, pubescent beneath, 8-12 cm. long; petioles 6-20 

 mm. long; heads hemispheric, 1-2 cm. broad, surrounded by an involucre of 

 4-8, usually 5-6, obovate cream-colored or sometimes pink bracts, 4-5 cm. 

 long; drupes bright shiny orange-red, 25-40 in each cluster, each tipped with 

 the persistent calyx; stone nearly as broad as long. 



British Columbia to California. Under cultivation the dogwood frequently 

 blooms a second time in the fall and under such conditions the involucral 

 bracts are oftener pink tinged. 



Cornus canadensis L. Perennial herb, 10-20 cm. high, the rootstocks 

 woody; stems scaly below, bearing 2 or 3 pairs of leaves above, forming a false 

 whorl and sometimes a pair near the middle; leaves ovate or oblong, acute or 

 acuminate, narrowed at base, sessile, entire, sparsely puberulent, 2-4 cm. long; 

 peduncle solitary, 4-5 cm. long; involucral bracts 4-6, white, ovate, 8-16 mm. 

 long; flowers greenish, small, in dense heads; fruit bright red, globular, 4 mm. 

 in diameter. 



In rich woods, especially in the mountains. 



364. GARRYA. 



Evergreen shrubs, with 4-angled branchlets; leaves opposite, 

 entire, coriaceous, with short connate petioles; flowers dioecious, 

 in axillary aments; petals none; staminate flowers with a 4-parted 

 calyx; stamens 4; filaments distinct; disk and ovary none; 

 pistillate flowers with a 2-lobed or obsolete calyx-limb; stamens 

 and disk none; styles 2, stigmatic on the inner side, persistent; 

 ovary 1-celled; berry blue or purple, ovoid, 1-2-seeded. 



Garrya elliptica Dougl. Shrub, 2-3 m. tall; leaves elliptical or oval, 

 mucronate, undulate-margined, dark-green and shiny above, densely tomen- 

 tose beneath, 5-10 cm. long; staminate aments 5-20 cm. long, the silky bracts 



