BORAGINACEAE. 301 



Lappula occidentalis (Wats.) Rydb. Very similar to L. cupulata; the 

 flowers white or pale blue; marginal prickles of the nutlets separate or barely 

 united at base. 



Victoria, Macoun; common east of the Cascade Mountains. 



415. CYNOGLOSSUM. HOUND'S TONGUE. 



Coarse herbs with broad leaves, the lower ones large and long- 

 petioled; flowers in bractless panicled racemes; calyx 5-parted, 

 persistent, open in fruit; corolla short-salverform with conspic- 

 uous arching crests at the throat; stamens and styles included; 

 nutlets 4, armed all over the back with short stout glochidiate 

 prickles, affixed by their inner angle to the pyramidal gynobase. 



Cynoglossum grande Dougl. Pubescence villous; stems stout, 40-60 cm. 

 high; lower leaves ovate-oblong, often subcordate, acute, 10-20 cm. long, 

 long-petioled; upper leaves smaller, tapering at base, the short petiole winged; 

 racemes panicled; calyx-lobes ovate; corolla blue; nutlets ovoid, rough with 

 glochidiate-tipped prickles. 



In open woods, Fort Vancouver, Clarke County, Washington, and south- 

 ward. 



416. MERTENSIA. BLUEBELL. 



Glabrous or pubescent perennial herbs; flowers blue or rarely 

 white, mostly bractless, in panicled racemes or in corymbs; calyx 

 deeply 5-cleft or parted; corolla tubular-funnelform or trumpet- 

 shaped to almost campanulate, the open throat bearing obvious 

 or obsolete transverse folds or crests; filaments flattened or nearly 

 filiform; style filiform; stigma entire; nutlets from somewhat 

 fleshy to membranaceous, not armed with barbed prickles. 



Leaves glabrous on both sides or merely papillose above; 



calyx smooth on the back, the lobes elongate, acute. M. laevigata. 



Leaves pilose beneath. 



Upper leaf surface strigose; calyx-lobes pubescent on the 



back. M. denticulate,. 



Upper leaf surface smooth or merely papillose. 



Calyx-lobes pubescent on the back. M. subcordata. 



Calyx-lobes glabrous on the back. M. leptophylla. 



Mertensia laevigata Piper. Stems stout, erect, more or less glaucous, 

 40-90 cm. high; leaves pale or glaucescent, numerous, the cauline ovate, 

 acuminate, glabrous or somewhat papillate above, glabrous beneath, ciliate 

 on the margin, 5-7 cm. long, short-petioled; inflorescence loose, the pedicels 

 appressed-pubescent or muriculate; calyx divided nearly to the base, its lobes 

 lance-oblong, acute, ciliate, smooth on the back, over half as long as the corolla 

 tube; corolla blue, 14 mm. long, the somewhat ampliate limb as long as the 

 tube; filaments dilated, shorter than the anthers; nutlets finely muriculate, 

 pale, the scar of attachment central. 



Cascade and Olympic Mountains at moderate elevations. 



Mertensia denticulata (Lehm.) Piper n. comb. (Lithospermum denticu- 

 latum Lehm. ; Mertensia platyphylla Heller.) Nearly glabrous; stems erect, 40- 

 70 cm. high; leaves ovate to ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, narrowed at base, 

 6-10 cm. long, the lower ones long-petioled, all strigosely pubescent and 



