LILIACEAE. 97 



Lilium columbianum Hanson. (L. parviflorum (Hook.) Holzinger.) 

 Stems 30-100 cm. high; leaves oblanceolate, 5-10 cm. long, mostly in whorls; 

 flowers one or several, on curved or spreading pedicels; perianth segments 

 orange, with numerous purple-brown spots. 



Frequent in open woods and meadows. 



Lilium washingtonianum Kellogg. Stems 1-2 m. tall; leaves oblanceolate, 

 acute, 5-12 cm. long, mostly in whorls of 6-12; flowers white, becoming pur- 

 plish, 2-20 in a raceme; perianth-segments clawed, 7-10 cm. long. 



From the Columbia River southward. 



111. FRITILLARIA. 



Bulbous herbs; stems simple, leafy; inflorescence of rather 

 large nodding solitary or racemed leafy-bracted flowers; perianth 

 mostly campanulate, of 6 separate and nearly equal oblong or 

 ovate segments, each with a nectar-pit or spot at the base; 

 stamens 6, hypogynous; ovary nearly or quite sessile, 3-celled; 

 ovules numerous in each cavity. 



Capsules acutely angled; flowers much mottled. F. lanceolata. 



Capsules obtusely angled; flowers obscurely mottled. F. camtschatcensis. 



Fritillaria lanceolata Pursh. Stems 30-90 cm. tall, glaucous; leaves in 

 two or three whorls of 4-6, lanceolate, sessile, 5-12 cm. long; flowers 1-6, 

 brown-purple with greenish-yellow spots; segments oblong-lanceolate; nec- 

 taries conspicuous; capsule 2-3 cm. long, with 6 broad wings. _ 



On open banks and prairies, Vancouver Island to California, eastward to 

 Idaho. 



Fritillaria camtschatcensis (L.) Ker-Gawl. Indian Rice. Much like 

 F. lanceolata, the leaves rather broader; flowers often numerous; nerves of the 

 sepals broadened into lamellae which bear scattered glands; capsule obtusely 

 5-angled. 



Alaska to northern Washington, near the coast. The small bulblets are 

 numerous and resemble rice-grains. They are eaten by the Alaska Indians. 



112. ERYTHRONIUM. ADDER'S TONGUE. 



Low herbs, from deep membranous-coated corms; stem simple; 

 leaves but one pair, broad or narrow, usually below the middle 

 of the stem where it rises from the ground and thus appearing 

 basal; flowers large, nodding, bractless, solitary or several; 

 perianth-segments separate, lanceolate, oblong or oblanceolate; 

 stamens 6, hypogynous, shorter than the perianth ; ovary sessile, 

 3-celled; ovules numerous or several in each cavity. 



Leaves mottled; perianth-segments narrow, cream-colored. E. giganteum. 

 Leaves not mottled. 



Perianth-segments broad, white. E. montanum. 



Perianth-segments narrow, yellow. E. parviflorum. 



Erythronium giganteum Lindl. Leaves lanceolate, usually broad, beauti- 

 fully brown mottled ; perianth segments cream-colored or nearly white, narrowly 

 lanceolate, strongly recurved, each with a yellow and orange spot at the base. 



In open meadows and prairies, Vancouver Island to Oregon. E. revolutum 

 Smith is an older name for probably the same plant. 

 8 



