CYPERACEAE. 73 



long as the body; scales lanceolate, erosely denticulate, attenuate-acuminate, 

 brown with a paler midrib, shorter than the perigynia; stigmas 3. 

 In sand dunes along the ocean coast. 



Carex vicaria Bailey. Tufted; stems erect, slender, 30-90 cm. high; leaves 

 about as long as the stems, 2-5 mm. wide, their sheaths rugulose; lower bracts 

 filiform, 14 cm. long; spikes rather loosely-flowered, 48 mm. long, many in a 

 narrow head 5-8 cm. long; perigynia yellow, broadly ovate, stipitate, indis- 

 tinctly nerved on the inner face but conspicuously so on the back, the beak 

 deeply bidentate, as long as the body; scales awn-pointed, brownish, shorter 

 than the perigynia. 



In wet meadows; very closely related to C. vulpinoidea Michx. 



Carex hoodii Boott. Slender, erect, tufted, very smooth, 30-60 cm. high; 

 leaves many, pale, 2-3 mm. broad, shorter than the stems; spikes 6-10, 

 densely crowded into an ovoid or oblong head, 1-2 cm. long; perigynia spread- 

 ing, lanceolate, rather thick, 5 mm. long, dark when mature, obscurely nerved, 

 narrowly wing-margined, somewhat stipitate at base, narrowed into a rough- 

 margined beak nearly as long as the body; scales lance-ovate, acuminate, 

 scarious margined, brownish, as long as the perigynia. 



In moist places, not common. First found along the Columbia River by 

 Douglas and by Scouler. 



Carex pansa Bailey. Rootstocks horizontal, creeping; stems 15-30 cm- 

 high, erect, smooth except near the top; leaves pale, 2-3 mm. broad, half the 

 length of the stems; head ovoid, dark brown, consisting of 6-10 closely aggre- 

 gated spikes; perigynia brown, elliptic, stipitate, flattened, smooth, narrowly 

 winged, 4 mm. long, the emarginate beak half as long as the body; scales 

 ovate, acuminate, dark brown, scarious margined. 



On old sand dunes along the ocean coast. First collected by Henderson 

 at Clatsop, Oregon, and Ilwaco, Washington. 



Carex vernacula Bailey. Stems 10-40 cm. high, erect, scabrous; leaves 

 flat, 2-4 mm. wide, long-pointed, shorter than the stems; bract leaf-like; 

 spikes compacted into a globose or ovoid brown head, 1-4 cm. long, or rarely 

 one or more of the lower spikes distinct; perigynia membranaceous, lance- 

 olate-ovate, shortly stipitate, narrowed into a stout bidentate beak; scales 

 brown, acute or mucronate, shorter than the perigynia. 



Mount Hood, Oregon, Howell. 



Carex illota Bailey. Stems slender, erect, 15-40 cm. high; leaves flat, 

 1-2 mm. wide, shorter than the stems; spikes 3-6, compacted into an ovoid to 

 globular brown head, 5-8 mm. in diameter; perigynia pale, plump, ovate, 

 stipitate, strongly nerved, marginless, narrowed into a brown serrate bidentate 

 beak shorter than the body; scales brown, obtuse, shorter than the perigynia. 



In the mountains at about 2000 m. altitude. 



Carex arcta Boott. Loosely tufted, pale green; stems 20-60 cm. high, 

 smooth or nearly so; leaves pale green, 2.5-4 mm. wide, usually longer than 

 the stems; head ovoid-oblong, green or brownish, of 512 crowded spikes; 

 spikes oblong or ovoid, 6-8 mm. long; perigynia spreading, ovate, somewhat 

 cordate, gradually tapering into the serrulate beak, strongly nerved on the 

 outer face, 2-3 mm. long; scales hyaline, often brownish, acute, shorter than 

 the perigynia. 



In open rather dry woods. 



Carex bolanderi Olney. Tufted, pale green; stems 20-100 cm. long, rather 

 slender, weak and spreading; leaves soft, smooth, 2-4 mm. wide, shorter than 

 the stems; inflorescence of 4-10 scattered spikes; spikes oblong, 10-15 mm. 

 long, sessile or nearly so; perigynia lanceolate, faintly nerved, 4 mm. long, the 

 body gradually tapering into the nearly equal serrulate deeply 2-toothed be.ik; 



