COMPOSITAE. 359 



out, 8-30 cm. high; stems usually with few erect branches; leaves broadly 

 lanceolate, acute or acuminate, 5-10 cm. long, pinnately toothed or cleft into 

 narrow lobes, short-petioled or sessile; heads on stout peduncles; involucre 

 oblong-cylindric, 12-18 mm. long, tomentose and with a few large black glan- 

 dular hairs, the principal tegules lanceolate, acuminate, the smaller basal tegules 

 relatively broader; flowers 25-30; akenes brownish, fusiform, 8-10 mm. long, 

 10-18-ribbed, longer than the bright white pappus. 



Very rare in our limits; Olympic Mountains, Flett. Common east of 

 the Cascade Mountains. 



Crepis capillaris (L.) Wallr. (C. virens L.) Nearly glabrous, somewhat 

 hirsute below; stems erect, 30-90 cm. high; leaves spatulate-lanceolate, 

 pinnatifid or simply toothed, 6-15 cm. long, the basal ones short-petioled, 

 the cauline sagittate-clasping at base; heads in loose cymes; involucre pubes- 

 cent or glandular, 6-8 mm. high. 



A common weed in fields and waste places. Introduced from Europe. 



Crepis biennis L. Somewhat pubescent; stems erect, 60-90 cm. high; 

 leaves oblong-spatulate, runcinately pinnatifid, 5-15 cm. long, the upper ones 

 clasping at base; heads in cymes; involucre 8-12 mm. high, pubescent. 



Vancouver Island, Macoun. Introduced from Europe. 



494. NABALUS. 



Perennial leafy-stemmed plants with fusiform tuberous roots 

 and milky juice; inflorescence paniculate or racemose; heads 

 5-30-flowered, mostly nodding; involucre narrowly cylindric, 

 of 5-14 linear tegules and a few calyculate ones at base; flowers 

 cream-colored to purple ; receptacle naked ; akenes terete columnar 

 or angled, striate; pappus of numerous whitish to brownish rather 

 rigid capillary bristles. 



Nabalus hastatus (Less.) Heller. (Prenanthes alata Gray.) Glabrous, 

 stems 30-60 cm. high, simple or branched; leaves deltoid-triangular, acute; 

 irregularly dentate, the lower with margined petioles, the upper sessile; heads 

 in a loose corymb, 10-15-flowered; involucre campanulate, with 8-10 principal 

 tegules; flowers purplish; akenes terete or tapering at summit. 



Gravelly stream banks and on moist cliffs in the mountains. 



495. LACTUCA. WILD LETTUCE. 



Leafy-stemmed herbs, with milky juice; flowers yellow or blue 

 or whitish, in paniculate few to many-flowered heads; tegules 

 in 2-few rows, the outer shorter; receptacle flat, naked; pappus 

 of copious very short and fine capillary bristles which are not 

 plumose; corollas all ligulate; akenes flat or flattish, narrowed 

 at the summit or beaked. 



Pappus brown; flowers whitish; leaves not spiny. L. spicata. 

 Pappus white; flowers not whitish. 



Flowers yellow; leaves spiny. L. scariola. 



Flowers blue; leaves not spiny. L. pulchella. 



Lactuca spicata (Lam.) Hitchc. Biennial, erect, 1-3 m. high, glabrous 

 or nearly so, pale green, very leafy; leaves coarsely pinnatifid, the lobes ir- 

 regularly toothed, the uppermost sessile and sometimes clasping; heads in a 



