372 COMPOSITAE. 



Aster hallii Gray. Glabrous or nearly so; stems slender, erect, 30-60 cm. 

 high, leafy to the top; leaves linear-lanceolate, entire, scabrous on the margin, 

 5-10 cm. long; inflorescence narrow, rather close, often raceme-like; heads 

 small, 6-8 mm. high; involucre campanulate; tegules linear or somewhat 

 spatulate, green-tipped, glabrous, obtuse, erect; ray-flowers white or nearly so, 

 8-10 mm. long. 



In dry ground, western Oregon. 



Aster foliaceus frondeus Gray. Glabrous or sparsely pubescent; stems 

 stout, erect or ascending, simple or usually with a few branches, 20-60 cm. 

 high; leaves few, the lower large, 8-10 cm. long, oblanceolate, tapering into 

 winged petioles; cauline sessile, broadly half-clasping at the base; heads few, 

 large, 1.5-2.5 cm. broad, usually on naked peduncles; involucre 10-14 mm. 

 high, the tegules herbaceous, linear-lanceolate, loose, all about equalling the 

 disk, the outer largest; ray-flowers dark- violet, about 1 cm. long; akenes not 

 glabrous. 



In moist meadows in the mountains at low altitudes. First collected by 

 Lyall on the Cascade Mountains, latitude 49. 



Aster foliaceus apricus Gray. Very like A. foliaceus frondeus, but dwarf, 

 10-15 cm. high; leaves thicker; heads solitary or few. 



On the higher peaks of the Cascade Mountains at about 2500 m. altitude. 



Aster douglasii Lindl. Glabrous or nearly so; stems erect, 30-120 cm. 

 high; leaves mostly sessile, lanceolate and broadest near the middle, sometimes 

 narrowly linear, acute, serrate near the middle or entire, 5-15 cm. long, those 

 of the branches much smaller; heads usually numerous, panicled; involucre 

 hemispheric, 10-12 mm. high, the tegules green at tip, narrow, acute, the outer 

 sometimes foliaceous and passing into the reduced leaves of the branchlets; 

 ray-flowers pale violet, 10-12 mm. long. 



Common and very variable. First collected by Douglas at the mouth of 

 the Columbia River. 



511. MADIA. TARWEED. 



Annuals; leaves linear or lanceolate, entire or slightly toothed, 

 at least the upper alternate; heads peduncled, clustered; flowers 

 yellow; ray-flowers 1-20 and pistillate, or rarely wanting; disk- 

 flowers 1-5, perfect; receptacle chaffy only at the margin; 

 pappus none or of several small scales in the sterile flowers; ray- 

 akenes laterally compressed, enclosed in the infolded tegules; 

 disk-akenes laterally compressed. 



Heads small, long-peduncled; disk-flower one. M. exigua. 



Heads larger, sessile or short-peduncled; disk-flowers several. 



Leaves all or mostly opposite; perennial. M. madioides. 



Leaves all or mostly alternate; annuals. 



Involucre laterally compressed; ray-flowers 1-5. M. glomerata. 



Involucre campanulate; ray-flowers 5-12. 



Ray-flowers 15-20 mm. long; receptacle bristly. M. elegans. 

 Ray-flowers 4-8 mm. long; receptacle glabrous or 



nearly so. 



Heads scattered, 6-10 mm. high; herbage moder- 

 ately glandular. M. racemosa. 

 Heads' clustered, 10-12 mm. high; herbage very 



glandular. M. saliva. 



Madia exigua (Smith) Greene. Annual; stems slender, erect, usually 

 branched above, hirsute-pubescent below, glandular above, 10-30 cm. high; 



