392 COMPOSITAE. 



542. ANAPHALIS. EVERLASTING. 



White-woolly perennial herbs with erect leafy stems and en- 

 tire leaves; heads numerous, small, discoid, dioecious but usually 

 with a few perfect flowers in the center of the pistillate heads; 

 involucre campanulate to oblong, its tegules scarious, numerous, 

 closely imbricated; pappus bristles of staminate flowers little if 

 at all thickened at the apex, that of the fertile flowers not at all 

 united at the base. 



Anaphalis margaritacea occidentalis Greene. Stems erect, 20-60 cm. 

 high; leaves broadly lanceolate, somewhat revolute, sessile, bright shining 

 green above, white-woolly beneath; heads numerous, in a terminal corymb 

 4-15 cm. broad; involucre campanulate, subglobose; tegules ovate-lanceolate, 

 obtuse, pearly white. 



Very common in open places, especially in old " burns." 



Anaphalis margaritacea subalpina Gray. Very similar to A. margaritacea 

 occidentalis but usually not so tall; leaves permanently pubescent above; 

 corymbs mostly smaller and denser. 



Rather rare in moist meadows in the mountains at low elevations. 



543. GNAPHALIUM. CUDWEED. 



Woolly herbs; leaves alternate, entire; heads small, discoid; 

 pistillate flowers very numerous in more than one row; flowers 

 white or yellow; perfect flowers fewer in the center; staminate 

 flowers none; pappus-bristles slender, not thickened above; 

 akenes oblong or ovate. 



Bristles of the pappus united at base; involucre brownish. G. purpureum. 

 Bristles of the pappus separate at base. 



Plants low; flowers in dense leafy clusters; involucres 



very woolly. 



Tegules white; plants loosely-woolly. G. palustre. 



Tegules brownish; plants appressed-woolly. G. uliginosum. 



Plants tall; flowers in looser leafless clusters; involucres 



woolly only at base. 



Involucre white; cymes loose. G. microcephalum. 



Involucre yellowish; cymes dense. G. chilense. 



Gnaphalium purpureum L. Biennial or sometimes annual; herbage 

 silvery canescent; stems erect, 20-30 cm. high; basal leaves spatulate, obtuse, 

 green above, appressed woolly beneath, short-petioled, 2-5 cm. long; cauline 

 narrower, mostly linear, sessile; heads in dense clusters in the axils of the upper 

 leaves, making a spike-like inflorescence; tegules brownish or purplish, 

 acute; akenes scabrous. 



Very common in open places. 



Gnaphalium palustre Nutt. Annual, much branched at base, 5-12 cm. 

 high, very woolly throughout; leaves lanceolate, oblong or spatulate, 1-2 cm. 

 long; heads 2-3 mm. high, sessile, in small terminal or axillary clusters, which 

 are very woolly and subtended by leaves; involucre of few tegules, these linear, 

 acute or obtuse, brownish with white tips; akenes glabrous, the bristles falling 

 separately. 



Common in dried-up pond bottoms and on river banks. 



