COMPOSITAE. 393 



Gnaphalium uliginosum L. Annual, appressed-white-woolly; stems 

 branched from the base, 5-20 cm. high; leaves spatulate to linear, sessile, 

 obtuse, 3-4 cm. long; heads sessile in dense leafy-bracted clusters; tegules 

 brownish, oblong to oblong-lanceolate, the outer obtuse, the inner acute; 

 pappus bristles distinct, falling separately. 



Moist places, especially on river banks. 



Gnaphalium microcephalum Nutt. Pubescence woolly, dense, white, close ; 

 stems several, slender, erect, 30-60 cm. high; leaves linear or the lower lanceo- 

 late, decurrent at base; heads in clusters of several, these paniculate; involucres 

 turbinate to campanulate, woolly only at base, 3-4 mm. high; tegules bright 

 white, scarious, obtuse. 



In gravelly or sandy soil, not rare. 



Gnaphalium chilense Spreng. Erect, very leafy, 30-60 cm. high, simple 

 or branched below, persistently tomentose, not glandular; leaves linear- 

 lanceolate or somewhat spatulate, acute, 5-8 cm. long, scarcely decurrent at 

 base; heads 4-5 mm. high, in one or few dense clusters; involucre hemispheric; 

 tegules greenish-white, oblong, obtuse; akenes glandular. 



Prairies and open woods. 



544. INULA. ELECAMPANE. 



Tall coarse herbs with large heads of yellow flowers and simple 

 alternate leaves; heads radiate, many-flowered; disk-flowers 

 fertile; involucres hemispheric; tegules imbricated, the outer 

 ones herbaceous; receptacle flat, naked; anthers caudate; style 

 branches linear, rounded at apex; akenes 4-5-ribbed, pappus 

 capillary, scabrous. 



Inula helenium L. Elecampane. Pubescent, especially above; stems 

 stout, 1-2 m. high, erect, branched above; leaves oblong to ovate, acute, 

 denticulate, tomentose beneath, 20-30 cm. long, the basal ones long-petioled, 

 the cauline sessile or half-clasping; heads solitary or few, 5-10 cm. broad; 

 outer tegules ovate, foliaceous, the inner smaller, spatulate, obtuse; ray-flowers 

 numerous, slender; akenes 4-sided, glabrous. 



In fields and along roadways; introduced from Europe. 



545. ADENOCAULON. 



Slender perennial herbs with alternate petioled leaves, green 

 above, white-woolly beneath; heads few, small, 5-10-flowered, 

 glandular, in a loose panicle; tegules in one row; receptacle flat, 

 naked; flowers all tubular, the marginal pistillate, fertile, the 

 central perfect, but sterile; akenes elongated at maturity, club- 

 shaped; pappus none. 



Adenocaulon bicolor Hook. Stem 30-90 cm. high, floccose-woolly; leaves 

 mostly basal, triangular-ovate, somewhat cordate, with angular toothed 

 margins, bright green above, white-woolly beneath, 5-10 cm. long; petioles 

 margined; inflorescence glandular; tegules ovate to lanceolate, acute, reflexed 

 in fruit; akenes club-shaped, the top covered with stalked glands. 



In open woods, very common. 



546. CENTAUREA. 



Herbs; heads many-flowered; flowers all with tubular and 

 deeply 5-cleft corollas, some of the marginal ones commonly 



