58 Dr Boue on the Geography and Geology of 



length. This alluvial plain, which is as flat as the hand, is 

 only surrounded by hills of inconsiderable elevation, as it is it- 

 self on a pretty high level. To the west of these hills, and es- 

 pecially of the Goliesh, the White Drina forms a vast basin from 

 Ipek to Prisrend, and farther down ; though probably it does 

 not form a direct junction with the tertiary basin of Scutari. 



Farther south in Turkey, the Kutschuk Karasu constitutes 

 a beautiful and extensive basin from Perlepe to Monastir or 

 Bitoglia, and from Fiorina to beyond Salugiler. Lastly, I may 

 add, the basin of the Lake of Tenidje or Tenidsche, with its 

 partly saline or marshy soil, near Salonichi, the basin of the 

 Seres and Drama, the alluvial plain of Kruschevatz on the Mo- 

 rava, &c. 



All these plains were once, like the valley of Thessaly, the 

 skes of lakes which must have completely covered the Turkish 

 empire. Only very few now remain, such as those of Ochrida, 

 Castoria, Tanina, and Scutari ; and even these are rapidly dis- 

 appearing and being filled up : that of Castoria is said not to 

 be deeper than fifty feet, which I can scarcely believe, but its 

 shores are partly swampy and covered with reeds. The stream 

 which flows from it passes through a low country. The lake 

 of Ochrida appears to be deeper. All the lakes of Turkey 

 are in the western or south-western part of the empire, and 

 are chiefly surrounded by limestone hills, or they occur on the 

 tops of hills, as in the Olympus. 



Northern Turkey contains no lakes, excepting near the lowest 

 part of the course of the Danube. 



The cross fractures in the chains are for the most part at 

 right angles to their direction ; so that, in the chains running 

 N. and S., they extend from W. to E. ; and in those running 

 W. and E., or N.W. and S. E., they extend from N. to S. 5 or 

 from N. E. to S. W. 



Turkey affords good examples of the first kind, in the course 

 of the Danube, between Panchova and Kladova ; in the course 

 of the Servian Morava, from Uschitze to Kruschevatz and Sto- 

 lacz, and in the course of the Toplitza. Of the second kind 

 are the upper part of the White Drina (Eiela Drina) bed in 

 the Ipek chain of hills, the course of the Black Drina (Tscharna 

 Drina), across the Tschardagh range, particularly between 



