254 Dr Bone on the Geography and Geology of 



na ; and, lastly, at Kezanlik in the Haemus, and probably far- 

 ther to the east on the southern side of that chain. 



Those primary rocks, called by some authors transition rocks 

 (see my Guide du Geologue Voyageur), occupy still greater space 

 in European Turkey than the crystalline slates, so that the 

 Turkish peninsula is, like the Iberic one, chiefly composed of 

 old formations, and may be described as a group of very an- 

 cient islands. Among the transition rocks, there are two sets 

 which it is not always easy to distinguish ; the one older, and 

 composed of slates with quartzose rocks, some micaceous, tal- 

 cose, and arenaceous rocks, and a few compact or semi-granular 

 limestone beds ; the other newer, and composed of grey wacke, 

 greywacke-slate, sandstone, conglomerate slate, and limestone 

 in the compact state, and more fossiliferous. 



This last formation constitutes the whole mass of hills in 

 central Servia north of the Servian Morava, as also the Gelin, 

 the Kosnik hills, the Kopaunik group, a part of the Novibazar 

 district in Bosnia ; the hill Vrenie between Novibazar and the 

 Ibar ; a part of the hilly district to the east of the basin of 

 Pristina ; and, lastly, it appears in the Balkans. The other, 

 or older transition rocks, are to be found in the north-west por- 

 tion of Servia ; in the hills of Goliesh between the Mitrovitza 

 and the White Drina (the Goliesh) ; in the district of Kolas- 

 chin, near Pristina ; in some parts of Moesia Superior ; in the 

 hills west of Gafadartzi in Macedonia ; and probably also in 

 the Balkans. 



These last rocks, having only experienced some slight igne- 

 ous changes in the neighbourhood of plutonic masses, establish 

 a kind of transition from the true recent grey wacke to the tal- 

 cose and micaceous crystalline slates like those of the Tschar- 

 dagh. In the subordinate limestone beds I found only encri- 

 nites and indistinct poly piers, as at Rabocsevo, south of Bel- 

 grade ; yet the limestone masses are sometimes very large, as 

 on the road from Uskub to Kalkandel, or on the road be- 

 tween Gafadartzi and Perlepe. Three or four leagues from 

 Gafadartzi, a blackish or greyish compact limestone forms a 

 smallchain running N. S. (the beds running N. S. and dipping 

 at a high angle to the E.), and crossed by a deep fissure from 

 E. to W. At Uskub there is a greyish compact limestone ; 

 and at the distance of four leagues from that city the road to 



