258 Dr Boue on the Geography and Geology of 



are to be referred to our old secondary formation, as they seem- 

 ed to me to be more connected with the greywacke. They 

 form the northern side of the lake of Castoria, as well as the 

 neck of the peninsula on which that town is beautifully si- 

 tuated. 



In south-eastern Servia, and the district of Nissa, my " red- 

 dish old secondary formation" is best exposed: it extends from 

 Banja some leagues in a northerly direction, forming the lowest 

 part of all the hills on the eastern side of the Nissa basin. 

 Thence it is known to extend at least as far north as the 

 Slatova hill on the Ressava, but it is only visible occasionally, 

 as between Krivivir and the convent called Svetapetka, where 

 it forms a plateau, covered with a thick forest. In other places 

 it is concealed by the alluvial soil, or the secondary limestone. I 

 also found it in the Bannat on the Danube, extending to Steuer- 

 dorf, near Oravitza ; but there it is associated with true todt- 

 liegendes, quartziferous porphyry (Islas), and even with an old 

 coaly deposite, which furnishes an excellent caking coal at 

 Steuerdorf. 



The superposition of secondary limestone on my reddish old 

 secondary formation is best seen at &| leagues east of Nissa, 

 on the ascent of a hill over which the road to Sophia passes, 

 and where there are two Karaul, or stations for gens darmes. 

 The beds incline to the E. and S.E. at an angle of 45, and 

 dip under the compact limestone, which forms the upper parts 

 of some hills in the vicinity. Two beds of compact fetid lime- 

 stone occur in the lower part of this series of slaty and quartz- 

 ose sandstones, some of which are not unlike the trias rocks 

 of Germany. 



The lias and Jurassic limestones are represented in Turkey 

 only by a great deposit of compact whitish, greyish, yellowish, 

 and reddish limestone, as is the case in the whole Mediterra- 

 nean zone of Europe : the best examples which occur to me, 

 are those on the road from Sophia to Tagodin. This formation 

 constitutes the whole of that vast and singular cavity through 

 which flow the Nissava, and its tributaries the Sukava, the 

 Nevljanska-rieka, the Lukanitschka-rieka, &c. It also forms 

 the hills separating that part of the Morava valley between 

 Nissa and Kopri from the valley of the Timok, particularly 



