356 Dr Barry on the Unity of Structure in 



family, order, and class : nay more, development must from the 

 first, have reference to the individual structure, more special 

 still than that of sex. Since, therefore, no properties can exist 

 in an absolutely latent state, i. e. without exercising their in- 

 fluence on development, both male and female organs cannot be 

 present, even in an elementary state, in the same being, if' those 

 of one sex only, are to be developed.* 



That the presence of both male and female organs in the same 

 being, is not incompatible, most plants and certain animals de- 

 monstrate^ where normal and true hermaphrodism exhibits parts, 

 performing in an individual, both male and female functions. 

 In such cases, there are of course, " fundamentally male and 

 female organs in the same being," or at least there is the suscep- 

 tibility of acquiring them ; but then (and herein consists the dif- 

 ference) both are developed. 



Yet how then, is anomalous " hermaphrodism" (so called) to 

 be explained ? To be consistent, we must admit that from the 

 first, development has, here as elsewhere, reference to a certain 

 destined structure; ergo, that in cases of anomalous "herma- 

 phrodism'" at least, there are fundamentally the elements, or the 

 susceptibilities, out of which it has arisen.]: Be it so; this but 

 affords another proof of what has been so much insisted on al- 

 ready ; that in development, general structures must precede, 

 in their appearance, the more special. In an organism, the 

 younger the embryo, the more alike, because the less con- 

 centrated, are its several parts or organs. In the animal 

 kingdom, the younger any two embryos, the more alike are 

 they, for the same reason. But, as already said, there is no 

 appreciable difference between male and female organs in fun- 

 damental structure, as well in the animal kingdom at large, 

 as in two individuals of the same species : though this by 



* Supposing the organs of both sexes present in the germ, and those of one 

 sex only, to be developed ; what becomes of the other set ? Because, occa- 

 sionally, parts similar to those in other animals, have appeared in the human 

 structure, may it not as well be said, that, fundamentally, there are the ru- 

 diments of all other animals in man ? (!) 



t Helix pomatia, the garden snail, affords a well-known example of the 

 latter. 



Into the subject of casualties, happening during embryonal life, we do 

 not enter. 



