Glaciers in Scotland in Ancient Times. 31 



Point (c in the figure), above which are sand and gravel (w), 

 not stratified, or only stratified near the top where the matter 

 had probably been re-distributed by the tide. A few stones, 

 from one to two feet in breadth, were visible near the east 

 end. No rock is visible anywhere. 



The clay, which is very fine, and slightly mixed with minute 

 chips of slate, carried my thoughts to the " fine flour of rocks 

 ground in the ponderous mill of the glacier betwixt rock and 

 ice," which Professor Forbes tells us is poured out by the 

 stream at the lower end of a glacier. The same drab or light 

 brown clay covers the slopes of the hills to a considerable 

 height, and most probably coats the whole bottom of the loch, 

 for when the torrents are in flood, and sweep away portions 

 of the stones on the beach, this unctuous clay is always found 

 below them. Now, the friction of a glacier on the bottom 

 and sides of the valley containing it, produces a clay of this 

 description, much of which must remain in its bed after the 

 ice has disappeared. The glacier also throws out portions of 

 it at its lower end, along with the pebbles and stones by which 

 it was enabled to scratch and groove the rocks beneath it. 

 The materials, therefore, of the bank of gravel crossing the 

 loch at Row, are such as we would expect to find in a termi- 

 nal moraine. The form is also such as the terminal moraine 

 of a glacier occupying all the upper part of the loch would 

 naturally assume ; that is, the side towards the glacier is 

 steep, while the opposite one slopes away gently. 



The northern or steep side does not present a uniform accli- 

 vity. There is an indentation at/ which seems to me to cor- 

 respond with the ancient beach found all round the shores of 

 the loch, and was, I presume, produced by the same cause, 

 namely, the action of the tide when the sea stood at a higher 

 level by 30 feet. 



But the remarkable uniformity in the height of Row Point i 

 (Fig. 5), Roseneath Point h, and the broad point A*, on which 

 Roseneath Castle stands (40 feet above the high water linej, 

 induce me to think, that from whatever quarter the masses 

 of sand and gravel seen on each were derived, the tide must 

 have rearranged them, and levelled the surfaces to a greater 

 or less extent. When this took place, the sea must have stood 



