Reproduction of Forests in British North Atnerica. 271 



cultivated fields, picking grubs and worms from the ground. 

 The clifF-swallow exchanges the faces of rocks for the eaves of 

 barns and houses, and the barn and chimney swallows are 

 everywhere ready to avail themselves of the accommodation 

 afforded by buildings. The acadian or little owl makes its 

 abode in barns during winter. The bob-lincoln, the king bird, 

 the waxwing or cherry bird, and the humming bird, are among 

 the species which profit by the progress of cultivation. The 

 larger quadrupeds disappear, but the fox and ermine still 

 prowl about the cultivated grounds, and the field-mouse (Ar- 

 vicola Pennsylvanica) which is very abundant in some parts of 

 the woods, is equally so in the fields. Many insects are vastly 

 •increased in numbers, in consequence of the clearing of the 

 forests. Of this kind are the grasshoppers and locusts, which, 

 in dry seasons, are very destructive to grass and grain ; the 

 frog-spittle insects (Cercopis) of which several species are 

 found in the fields and gardens, and are very injurious to ve- 

 getation ; and the lepidoptera, nearly the whole of which find 

 greater abundance of food and more favourable conditions in 

 the burned barrens and cultivated fields, than in the growing 

 woods. It may be remarked, in general, that there is no 

 animal, frequenting in Europe the cultivated grounds, and 

 either beneficial or noxious to man, which has not, in the 

 indigenous species of America, an exact representative, fill- 

 ing its place in the economy of nature, and often, in a na- 

 tural historical point of view, closely related to it. This re- 

 sults from the general sameness of arrangement in the sys- 

 tem of nature in the old and new world ; and if studied in its 

 details, would form a subject of great interest to the zoolo- 

 gist and physical geographer. 



On the Tertiaries of the Island of Cos. By Professor EDWARD Jy '] 

 Forbes. With a Plate of Fossil Shells. {f^l 



When describing the fresh-water tertiaries of the valley 

 of the Xanthus, we referred to similar tertiaries in the island 

 of Cos. These were visited by us, on our voyage from 

 Rhodes to rejoin the Beacon, after leaving Lycia. They pre- 



Qc) W. \ hJjh 3 ■ V""^ \'^V 



