Scientific Intelligence — Zoology. 387 



M. de Serres, and megarhinus of Christol. This species, which is 

 not so well characterised as the preceding, has been found chiefly in 

 the superior tertiaries of Italy and the South of France. M. de 

 Blainville likewise refers the bones found in caverns in the South of 

 France to Rh. tichorhinus, while those of the North and of Belgium 

 contain only the remains of the preceding species. 



The third species is the rhinoceros with incisors (Rh. incisiviu), 

 characterised by ^ salient incisors in the two jaws, four toes on the 

 anterior feet, flat metatarsi, &c. It would appear that the male 

 bore two horns, and that the female was destitute of these append- 

 ages. The latter, for this reason, has been made the type of the 

 genus Acerotherium of M. Kaup. The Rh. incisivus is found in 

 the middle tertiary formations, and has been described under many 

 names. It will probably be found necessary to refer to it all the 

 species found at Eppelsheim, such as the R. Goldfussii, Schley er- 

 macheri, Merckiiy &c., all those found at Sansans, those of Avaray, 

 of Moissac, and Auvergne, described under the names of elatuSf &c., 

 the R. minutus of Cuvier found in the faluns, &c. 



With regard to the fossil species found out of Europe, M. de Blain- 

 ville mentions a rhinoceros discovered in the tertiaries of India, and 

 which perhaps does not differ from R. unicornis. The pretended 

 rhinoceros of the Alleghany s, has been described from a body which 

 is altogether artificial, and is a gross imposition. 



In short, rhinoceroses have not existed during the whole com- 

 mencement of the tertiary epoch, for the eocene formations yield no 

 trace of them. They have appeared for the first time in the middle 

 or miocene period, during which the R. incisivus has inhabited the 

 greater part of Europe. Towards the close of the tertiary epoch, 

 this species has been replaced by the Rh. leptorhinuSy and during the 

 diluvian epoch, it is the Rh. tichorhinus which has been the most 

 abundant and most widely diffused. In the present day, rhinoce- 

 roses do not exist in Europe, and are only found in the warmest 

 countries. We find two (perhaps three) species in Africa, one spe- 

 cies in Continental Asia, and two in the Sunda Islands. America 

 and New Holland have not any at present, and do not appear to 

 have possessed any in the epoch anterior to our own. 



With respect to the zoological relations of the species, we may 

 form them into three groups. The first will contain the Rh. bicor- 

 nis and simus, among the living species, and tichorhinus and leptor- 

 hinus among the fossil ; the second, the living rhinoceroses of Asia ; 

 and the third, the fossil Rh. incisivus. — (Supplement a la Bihlioth, 

 Univer. de Geneve^ No. 8, p. 434.) 



24. The Condor of the Cordillera. — In these steril heights nature 

 withholds her fostering influence alike from vegetable and animal 

 life. The scantiest [vegetation can scarcely draw nutriment from 

 the ungenial soil, and animals shun the dreary and shelterless wilds. 

 The condor alone finds itself in its native element amidst these 



