108 



NOTES AND QUERIES. 



[2''4 S. X. Aug. 11. "eOi 



33 it is so far very peculiar and interesting, it is 

 desirable that the remainder should be found and 

 published. J. A. Davies. 



Meaning of "End" as used by Bunyan, 1684. 

 — Richanlson jjives more than twenty uses, tut 

 not one which illustrates Bunyan's old Saxonism. 

 His, "the point we intend to reach," conies the 

 nearest. I have thought and hunted in vain for 

 what any village politician in Bedfordshire would 

 explain, and wonder at the ignorance of the in- 

 quirer. 



"Having got some little smattering of Emmanuera 

 things by the end." — Holy War. 



" Knew him ! I was a great companion of his ; I was 

 with him most an end." — Pilg. Prog., Part 2. ; Dialogue 

 between Greatheart and Honest, about Mr. Fearing, be- 

 fore they came to the house of Gains. 



The author's Apology for the Pilgrim, Part 

 1.: — 



" Thus I set pen to paper with delight, 



And quickly had my thoughts on black and white. 



For having now my method hy the end. 



Still as I pull'd it came ; and so I penned 



It down " 



Can any of the readers of " N. & Q." enlighten 

 me as to Bunyan's use of the word " end " in the 

 above extracts ? Geobge OrroB. 



Hackney. 



Hooks and Eyes v. Buttons. — 



" In vain unnatural hooks and eyes 

 Combined [conjoin'd] in foul rebellion rise, 



And strive t'eclipse thy glories; 

 Through many ages j'et unborn, 

 Thy well-turned buttons shall be born, 

 The pride of future Tories." 



« Ode to the King » (JV. F. H. for 

 Wit, vol. iv. p. 230. 1784.) 

 Among the mechanical amusements of George 

 III., for which he was subjected to much un- 

 merited ridicule, was turning buttons, — I suppose 

 of mother-of-pearl, or some substance that would 

 admit the action of the lathe. It is intimated in 

 the above stanza that hooks and eyes were begin- 

 ning to compete for popularity with the said 

 buttons, though without success. From this I am 

 disposed to infer that the former were at that time 

 a recent invention. If so, who was the inventor, 

 and who the manufacturer, supposing them to 

 have been different persons ? 



Within my recollection an attempt has been 

 made to substitute hooks and eyes for buttons on 

 parts of the male dress, but to no purpose. As 

 to how the ladies managed before hooks and eyes 

 were invented I leave to the initiated in such mat- 

 ters to determine. 



Turning buttons may seem unworthy of the 

 royal dignity, but it was not worse than the petti- 

 coat embroidering of Ferdinand VII., or the pa- 

 tience-playing of the Prince Regent, celebrated 

 by Moore (Fudge Family in Paris). I could quote 



many other passages in which the poor king's taste 

 for mechanics is mercilessly ridiculed ; e. g. 



" Then shall my lofty numbers tell 

 Who taught the royal babes to spell, 



And sovereign arts pursue; 

 To mend a watch, or set a clock ; 

 New patterns shape for Harvey's frock, 

 Or buttons made at Kew." 



(iV; F. H.for Wit, vol. ii. p. 150., 1784.) 

 W. D. 



Confession in Veksb.— About thirty-five years 

 ago a soldier was executed either in Kent or 

 Surrey for the murder of a woman in a fit of 

 jealousy. His name was John Smith. He was 

 a very old man, and on the scaffold he handed 

 to the sheriff a confession in verse, which was 

 composed the night before. Can any of your 

 correspondents favour me with the lines, or if 

 they are too long for insertion in " N. & Q.," tell 

 me where they may be found ? C. E. 



Marshal Due db Berwick. — I shall be much 

 obliged to any of your heraldic contributors who 

 can inform me ("in correct blazon) what were the 

 arms borne by the Marshal Due de Berwick, and 

 his brother Henry Fitz James, the Grand Prior. 



S. P. J. C. 



Leighton Family. — In the pedigree of this 

 family in the late Mr. George Morris's of Shrews- 

 bury Genealogical MSS., to Robert Leighton, ad- 

 mitted burgess of Shrewsbury 5 Edw. IV. 1465, 

 a son of John Leighton, Esq., of Leighton and 

 Stretton, by Matilda, daughter and heir of Wm. 

 Cambray of Church Stretton, is appended this 

 remark : " a quo Leightons of co. York." Can any 

 one furnish me with the pedigree of the Yorkshire 

 Leightons ? The communication of any particulars 

 respecting individuals of this name, of any period 

 or condition in life, either dead or living, or any 

 information respecting the numerous younger 

 branches scattered through Shropshire, Stafford- 

 shire, Worcestershire, Yorkshire, or other coun- 

 ties is requested. W. A. Leighton. 



Shrewsbury. 



Captain in 1721. — An individual known to 

 have the rank of " Captain," but of what regi- 

 ment is not known, and resident in London in 

 1721. Are there any means of ascertaining the 

 date of his death from documents at the War 

 Office or elsewhere ? W. A. Leighton. 



Figures in Weston Church, Salop. — The 

 Harl. MS. 2129, p. 271., says that in 16th or 17th 

 century there was in the east window of Weston 

 Chapel, CO. Salop, stained glass representing two 

 kneeling figures, male and female. The dexter 

 or male figure was spurred, the head covered by 

 a cap. The knight wore a surcoat of arms, viz. 

 azure, a spread eagle, argent, with a label of three 

 points or, fretty sable. Underneath were the 



