98 



NOtES AND QUERIES. 



[2>"i S. X. Aug. 4. 'GO. 



The blanks in the Satires of the Regency are un- 

 intelligible to young readers, but may be filled up 

 by living men who appreciated their wit while 

 fresh. Looking over The Radical State Papers 

 (Wright, 1820), I found allusions which I dimly 

 remember, though I read them when they first 

 appeared, I think, in the Guardian. I will make 

 some notes upon them, and there are some in the 

 margin of my copy, chiefly pointing out imita- 

 tions. One of these I shall be glad to have ex- 

 plained. In the Memorial of the Arch-Flamen 



P s (who was he ?) to his majesty John 



Preston, he says : — 



" At 'no time did any emoluments accrue to us from 

 the visitors of the Temple: all that they ever left behind 

 them was filth and vermin." * 



In the margin is written : " Imit. : Davon wird 

 dir denn doch auch das was dir gebiihrt." 



What is the German taken from ? M. (1.) 



Cat and Fiddle (2''<' S. x. 36.) — There has 

 been the sign of the Cat and Fiddle in the parish 

 o( JFarringdon, Devon, for a long series of years, 

 which even the Catholics do not dream of being 

 connected in any way with the Saint Catherine 

 Fidele, but know it to be the faithful cat of a 

 former very ancient couple, who were occupants 

 of the little wayside inn on the road to Sid- 

 mouth from Exeter, and was called, and is still, 

 La Chat Fidele, the old landlord knowing French. 



W. COLLTNS. 



Chudleigh. 



A CoLLBCTioKER (2"* S. X. 28.) — A persou 

 permanently in receipt of parochial relief. Many 

 legacies have been left to "the poor not taking 

 collection." John Apsalon may have resided and 

 died at Great Hampden, although during his life 

 chargeable to the parish of Hitchenden. 



Joseph Rix. 

 . St. Neots. 



Bugs (2°^ S. x. 38.) — These insects were 

 known in England in 1625. Abp. Laud says in 

 his Diary : — 



" Ea nocte redii, subito claudus, nescio quo humore in 

 crus sinistrum delapso. Aut, ut existimavit R An., ex 

 morsu Cimicum. "Convalui intra biduum." 



The translation of 1695 makes it " buggs " " al 

 chinches," p. 21. John S. Burn. 



Henley. 



The Lion and Unicorn (2"'' S. ix. 501.)— The 

 conjunction of the lion and imicorn appears to 

 have been derived from the Egyptians ; the lion 

 representing strength and courage, while the uni- 

 corn (not the unicorn of Scripture, which was the 

 rhinoceros, but the unicorn of modern heraldry) 

 elegance and agility. Thus in Sharpe's History of 



" * Note by his Majesty. Why not take your tithes 

 of this?" 



Egypt we find (see woodcut, vol. ii. p. 27.) the 

 king and queen playing at chess or draughts in 

 the form of a lion playing with a unicorn or 

 horned ass, which corresponds so exactly in its 

 gracefulness "of proportions that there is no ques- 

 tion as to its being the ancestor of the modem 

 unicorn. Thus we have not only the origin but 

 the explanation of the symbol. Some other con- 

 tributor may be able to trace the channels through 

 which this Egyptian hieroglyphic was introduced 

 into Europe. Could the "vestment powdered 

 with lions and unicorns " belonging to Ely Cathe- 

 dral have been brought from the East ? 



The fact of the lion and unicorn being asso- 

 ciated as the supporters of the English arms is 

 merely a coincidence, owing to the union of the 

 English and Scotish arms at the accession of 

 James I. to the throne of Great Britain, the 

 unicorn having previously been the supporter of 

 the Scotish as the lion was of the English shield. 

 W. Douglas Hamilton. 



Paddlewheels (2"'' S. x. 47.) — Admit as 

 reply what I learnt in Cornwall just now while 

 excursionising there : — 



«' A young man of Tpuro, C. Warrick, used in 1780 to 

 paddle down the- River (Fal) to Falmouth in a canoe 

 worked by a wheel with a double crank, and could dis- 

 tance every boat. This was the principle of the paddle- 

 wheel, and yet no one thought of applying the invention 

 to larger vessels." 



I use the words of Mackenzie Walcot, M.A., 

 and respectfully advise Delta to confirm the 

 statement by personal inquiry, as I have been 

 doing, in that wondrous region of rocks and rovers 

 and cleverly intrepid navigators. Coasting on 

 from Truro and Falmouth towards Scilly, the 

 tourist arrives at Mousehole (near Penzance), 

 noted amongst other marvels for the seven fisher- 

 men who sailed thence in a smack, not forty feet 

 long, to Australia, calling at the Cape, and making 

 the Antipodes quite safe and sound in 120 days. 



S. C. Freeman. 



Maria or Maria (2°« S. ix. 122. 311. 411.) — 

 Not seeing your periodical more regularly than is 

 compatible with the supposed equity of a book- 

 club circulation, I may be offering a solution 

 which has been already given of the change in 

 pronunciation of the Blessed Virgin's name, which 

 seems to have taken place among the Latins about 

 the beginning of the fifth century. But it occurs 

 to me as one obvious way of explaining it that, 

 so soon as Christian poets of the Latin Church 

 began to celebrate her mysterious praises in Iam- 

 bic or Trochaic or other Lyric verse, it became a 

 matter of exigency to lengthen the penultimate 

 syllable. Whether the change was quite as com- 

 plete as your correspondent A. A. supposes, or 

 whether, for a" certain time, it remained optional 

 to use either quantity in heroic and elegiac verses 

 (admitting, as they do, equally of either quan- 



