2'"J S. X. OoT. 6. '60.] 



NOTES AND QUERIES. 



279 



property ; and of registers established in some 

 particular districts, as in the county of Middlesex, 

 from the seventh year of Queen Anne. In the 

 county of York, in the North Riding, from the 8th 

 of George II. ; in the East Riding from the 6th of 

 Anne ; and in the West Riding from the 2nd of 

 Anne. In the town and county of Kingston-upon- 

 Hull, from the 6th of Anne ; and in the district of 

 Bedford Level, from the 15th of Charles II. And 

 with the exception of registers of particular kinds 

 of deeds, as of a deed called a bargain and sale, 

 from the time of Henry VIII. : but the practical 

 effect of the act requiring the registration of these 

 deeds was the invention — a most ingenious one — 

 of a transfer of another kind, in general use until 

 quite recently, called a lease and release, which 

 almost entirely superseded the bargain and sale. 

 Deeds conveying land for charitable objects have 

 required registration from the year 1 736 ; and 

 the modern deeds used for disentailing estates, 

 from their origin in the year 1834. Until their 

 abolition in 1834, notices were preserved of cer- 

 tain assurances, called fines and recoveries, in 

 frequent use for effecting the transfer of land, par- 

 ticularly in destroying entails, and in transfers by 

 married women. 



I d(»not allude to certain registers which exist 

 showing the transfer of land prior to the abolition 

 of the old tenures, as the inquisitiones post mortem 

 and the royal licences to alien. An Old Pauline. 



Where to find Lancashire Wills in the 

 LAST Century (2°* S. x. 170.) — Try Chester, and 

 failing Chester, try Richmond in Yorkshire. P. P. 



X. M. Y. (2"* S. X. 243.) —With reference to 

 the letters of Columbus in " N. & Q.," I would in- 

 form you that when I saw the letters in question 

 I was given to understand that " X. M. Y." had 

 something to do with " Christian Majesty," and 

 the letter Y. referring to a name. Waquif-Kar. 



Bastard (2°'^ S. x. 44. 178.)— This is what 

 Mr. Wedgwood, in his Dictionary of English Ety- 

 mology, says of 



" Bastard. Apparently of Celtic origin, from Gael, haos, 

 lust, fornication. 0. Fr. jils de bast,fih de bas." 



" He was begetin o' bast, God it wot." — Arthur and 

 Merlin. 



" Sir Richard fiz le rei of wan we spake bevore 

 Gentilman was inow thei he wore abast ibore." 



R. G. 516. 



" This man was son to John of Gaunt, descended of an 

 honorable lineage, but born in baste, more noble in blood 

 than notable in learning." — Hall, in Halliwell. 



" So Turk, chasa, fornication, chasa ogli (ogfK=son), a 

 bastard (F.'Newman.) Du. verbastertn, to degenerate." 



R. F. Sketchley. 



Upon the subject of this startling appellation, Dr. 

 DoRAN has suggested, by way of derivation, some 

 words which I can scarcely believe to have formed 

 part of any language ever spoken on this earth, at 



least since the deluge. But as the Doctor does 

 not seem perfectly convinced by himself, I am em- 

 boldened to offer my views. There is small doubt 

 but the word is one of the many Cymro-Celtic 

 words for which we are indebted to the French 

 (e. g. base, glaive, brave, vassal, &c.) On re- 

 ferring to the Rev. Thomas Richards's Antiques 

 LingucB Britannice Thesaurus, edit. 1753, I find the 

 following : — 



" Bastardd. A bastard, &c. Dr. Davies derives this 

 word from bas, shallow, not deep, and tardd, a springing, 

 budding, or sprouting, tarddu, to branch out, to shoot up, 

 to spring or arise as a fountain. I shall set down his own 

 words: banc vocem inani conatu multum laborant a 

 Teuton. Belg. Gall. Hisp. Ital. aliisque lii:guis deducere, 

 quam nullo labore Britannam esse comperient, composi- 

 tam a Bas, ipaffiii, minime profundus, et Tardd, germi- 

 natio, &c." 



H. C. C. 



Thomas Hawkins's Works (2''* S. ix. 436.) — 

 The following is a very incomplete list of the works 

 of this gentleman. Numerous squibs have been 

 printed by him, and occasionally his name will be 

 found in The Times for the last thirty years. His 

 Memoirs, I believe, are now in hand, and will con- 

 tain, no doubt, many notices of men and things 

 connected with the last half century : — 



The Wars of Jehovah. Imp. quarto. Illustrated by 

 Martin. 



Sonnets. Royal 16mo. 



The Lost Angel. 4to. 



Memoirs of Ichthyosauri and Plesiosauri. 28 plates. 

 Imp. folio. 



The Book of the Great Sea Dragons. 30 plates. Imp. 

 folio. 



Victorian Verses. Imp. folio. 



Prometheus. Royal quarto. 



The Christiad : an Ppic Poem. 



De Gloria. Imp. quarto. 



Contra Judaeos, Gentiles et Hereticos. 



Pamphlets. 

 India, Britain, and the Holy Land. . 

 • France, Tunis, India. 

 Greece. 



France and Great Britain. 

 Austria and Rome. 

 The British Empire, and the World. 

 Anglo-Spanish Politics and Partisans. 

 Statement relative to the British Museum, 

 The Drainage of London. 



A. J. D. 

 Legendary Painting (2"^ S. x. 47. 97. 138. 

 177.) — St. Remade, the patron saint of Spa, is 

 painted with an ass loaded with stones : — 



" A 200 lieux de Spa, dans un lie de la Loire, est un 

 ermitage de'die a S'. Herv^, disciple de Robert d'Arbripel. 

 Ce saint homme, qu'il ne faut pas confondre avec un autre 

 S*. Herve' qui joua un role dans les affaires de Bretagne, 

 s'^tant arrete dans ce lieu, le trouva si solitaire et si 

 propre h, ses pieuses meditations, qu'il r^solut d'y con- 

 struire une cellule. Durant son entreprise, un loup de- 

 vora I'ane qui lui servit h, transporter ses materiaux. Le 

 saint, en vertn de la puissance qu'il tenait de Dieu, somma 

 I'animal de comparaitre, lui reprocha vivement la mort 

 de son ane, et le condamna, en reparation du tort qu'il 



