IV 
VARIATION UNDER DOMESTICATION 
91 
Race II. Carriers. — These are large, long-necked birds, 
with a long pointed beak, and the eyes surrounded with a 
naked carunculated skin or wattle, which is also largely 
developed at the base of the beak. The opening of the 
mouth is unusually wide. There are several sub-races, one 
being called Dragons. 
Race III. Runts .— These are very large-bodied, long-beaked 
pigeons, with naked skin round the eyes. The wings are 
usually very long, the legs long, and the feet large, and the 
skin of the neck is often red. There are several sub-races, 
and these differ very much, forming a series of links between 
the wild rock-pigeon and the carrier. 
Race IY. Barbs .—These are remarkable for their very 
short and thick beak, so unlike that of most pigeons that 
fanciers compare it with that of a bullfinch. They have also 
a naked carunculated skin round the eyes, and the skin over 
the nostrils swollen. 
Race Y. Fantails. — Short-bodied and rather small-beaked 
pigeons, with an enormously developed tail, consisting usually 
of from fourteen to forty feathers instead of twelve, the 
regular number in all other pigeons, wild and tame. The 
tail spreads out like a fan and is usually carried erect, and 
the bird bends back its slender neck, so that in highly-bred 
varieties the head touches the tail. The feet are small, and 
they walk stiffly. 
Race YI. T mbits and Owls .— These are characterised by 
the feathers of the middle of neck and breast in front 
spreading out irregularly so as to form a frill. The Turbits 
also have a crest on the head, and both have the beak 
exceedingly short. 
Race YII. Tumblers .— These have a small body and short 
beak, but they are specially distinguished by the singular 
habit of tumbling over backwards during flight. One of the 
sub-races, the Indian Lotan or Ground tumbler, if slightly 
shaken and placed on the ground, will immediately begin 
tumbling head over heels until taken up and soothed. If not 
taken up, some of them will go on tumbling till they die. 
