VIII 
ORIGIN AND USES OF COLOUR IN ANIMALS 
219 
of Africa — we find many distinctive markings of a similar 
kind. The gazelles have variously striped and banded faces, 
besides white patches behind and on the flanks, as shown 
in the woodcut. The spring-bok has a white patch on the 
face and one on the sides, with a curiously distinctive white 
stripe above the tail, which is nearly concealed when the 
animal is at rest by a fold of skin but comes into full view 
when it is in motion, being thus quite analogous to the 
Fig. IS.—Gazella scemmerringi. 
upturned white tail of the rabbit. In the pallah the 
white rump-mark is bordered with black, and the peculiar 
shape of the horns distinguishes it when seen from the 
front. The sable-antelope, the gems-bok, the oryx, the hart- 
beest, the bonte-bok, and the addax have each peculiar white 
markings; and they are besides characterised by horns so 
remarkably different in each species and so conspicuous, that 
it seems probable that the peculiarities in length, twist, and 
curvature have been differentiated for the purpose of recogni¬ 
tion, rather than for any speciality of defence in species whose 
general habits are so similar, 
