IX 
WARNING COLORATION AND MIMICRY 
247 
insects are black, with the apex of the fore wings ochre coloured, 
and the outer half of the hind wings bright orange. The 
accompanying woodcuts (for the use of which I am indebted 
to Mr. John Murray of the Challenger Office) well exhibit their 
striking resemblance to each other. 
Pig. 24.— Opthalmis lincca (Agaristidse). Artaxa simulans (Liparidse). 
In Africa exactly similar phenomena recur, species of Papilio 
and of Diadema mimicking Danaidae or Acraeidae with the 
most curious accuracy. Mr. Trimen, who studied this subject 
in South Africa, has recorded eight species or varieties of 
Diadema, and eight of Papilio, which each mimic some 
species of Danais; while eight species or varieties of Panopaea 
(another genus of Nymphalidae), three of Melanitis (Eury- 
telidae), and two of Papilio, resemble with equal accuracy 
some species of Acraea. 1 He has also independently observed 
the main facts on which the explanation of the phenomenon 
rests,—the unpleasant odour of the Danais anti Acraea, extend¬ 
ing to their larvae and pupae; their great abundance, slow 
flight, and disregard of concealment; and he states that while 
lizards, mantidae, and dragonflies all hunt butterflies, and the 
rejected wings are to be found abundantly at some of their 
1 See Trans. Linn. Soc ., vol. xxvi., with two coloured plates illustrating 
cases of mimicry. 
