XV 
DARWINISM APPLIED TO MAN 
467 
the early migrations of man, or with the conquest and exter¬ 
mination of weaker by more powerful peoples. The Greeks 
did not successfully resist the Persian invaders by any aid 
from their few mathematicians, but by military training, 
patriotism, and self-sacrifice. The barbarous conquerors of 
the East, Timurlane and Gengkhis Khan, did not owe their 
success to any superiority of intellect or of mathematical 
faculty in themselves or their followers. Even if the great 
conquests of the Romans were, in part, due to their systematic 
military organisation, and to their skill in making roads and 
encampments, which may, perhaps, be imputed to some exercise 
of the mathematical faculty, that did not prevent them from 
being conquered in turn by barbarians, in whom it was almost 
entirely absent. And if we take the most civilised peoples of 
the ancient world—the Hindoos, the Arabs, the Greeks, and 
the Romans, all of whom had some amount of mathematical 
talent—we find that it is not these, but the descendants of the 
barbarians of those days—the Celts, the Teutons, and the 
Slavs—who have proved themselves the fittest to survive in 
the great struggle of races, although we cannot trace their 
steadily growing success during past centuries either to the 
possession of any exceptional mathematical faculty or to its 
exercise. They have indeed proved themselves, to-day, to be 
possessed of a marvellous endowment of the mathematical 
faculty; but their success at home and abroad, as colonists or 
as conquerors, as individuals or as nations, can in no way be 
traced to this faculty, since they were almost the last who 
devoted themselves to its exercise. We conclude, then, that 
the present gigantic development of the mathematical faculty 
is wholly unexplained by the theory of natural selection, and 
must be due to some altogether distinct cause. 
The Origin of the Musical and Artistic Faculties. 
These distinctively human faculties follow very closely the 
lines of the mathematical faculty in their progressive develop¬ 
ment, and serve to enforce the same argument. Among the 
lower savages music, as we understand it, hardly exists, though 
they all delight in rude musical sounds, as of drums, tom-toms, 
or gongs; and they also sing in monotonous chants. Almost 
exactly as they advance in general intellect, and in the arts 
