CHAPTER XV 
DARWINISM APPLIED TO MAN 
General identity of human and animal structure—Rudiments and varia¬ 
tions showing relation of man to other mammals—The embryonic 
development of man and other mammalia—Diseases common to man 
and the lower animals—The animals most nearly allied to man— 
The brains of man and apes—External differences of man and apes— 
Summary of the animal characteristics of man — The geological 
antiquity of man—The probable birthplace of man—The origin of 
the moral and intellectual nature of man—The argument from 
continuity—The origin of the mathematical faculty—The origin of 
the musical and artistic faculties—Independent proof that these 
faculties have not been developed by natural selection—The inter¬ 
pretation of the facts—Concluding remarks. 
Our review of modern Darwinism might fitly have terminated 
with the preceding chapter; but the immense interest that 
attaches to the origin of the human race, and the amount of 
misconception which prevails regarding the essential teachings 
of Darwin’s theory on this question, as well as regarding my 
own special views upon it, induce me to devote a final chapter 
to its discussion. 
To any one who considers the structure of man’s body, 
even in the most superficial manner, it must be evident that 
it is the body of an animal, differing greatly, it is true, from 
the bodies of all other animals, but agreeing with them in all 
essential features. The bony structure of man classes him as 
a vertebrate; the mode of suckling his young classes him as 
a mammal; his blood, his muscles, and his nerves, the structure 
of his heart with its veins and arteries, his lungs and his whole 
respiratory and circulatory systems, all closely correspond to 
those of other mammals, and are often almost identical with 
