102 Horner's Geological Address, 



9. Between the thirty-seventh seam, called Anthracitic, and 

 the lowest of all, which is called Anthracite, there are twenty- 

 two seams intercalated, without having any distinctive term 

 affixed to them, most of them very thin ; but about midway, 

 three occur near together, without intermediate sandstones 

 and shales, but separated by clay containing Stigmarise, in 

 the following manner : — 



Ft. In. 



Coal, 1 



Underclay, 4 



Coal, 4 



Underclay, ........ 8 



Coal, 1 4 



Underclay, 8 



10. The seams of coal, whether termed merely " Coal," 

 or bituminous, or anthracitic, or anthracite, have, with very 

 few exceptions, underclays, and these, generally, but not 

 uniformly, contain Stigmariae. The two lowest beds of an- 

 thracite have underclays of five feet each, the third from the 

 bottom has seven feet of underclay, each with Stigmariae. 

 The underclay is of variable thickness ; in no part more than 

 fourteen feet, and, except in a few instances, is always said 

 to contain the Stigmaria ficoides. 



11. There appears to be no relation between the thickness 

 of the underclay with Stigmarise, and that of the coal resting 

 upon it. The thickest seam of coal, which is nine feet, rests 

 on three feet of underclay; and there are instances of a seam 

 of coal only an inch thick, with five feet of underclay stated 

 to be filled with S tig mar ice. 



12. A bed of clay, eight feet thick, with Stigmarise, has no 

 coal upon it, but a foot of carbonaceous shale ; and above 

 that forty feet of arenaceous shale, then four feet of clay with 

 Stigmariae, covered by three inches of coal, and that overlaid 

 by twenty-five feet of argillaceous shale and sandstone. 



13. In no case is any diff'erence stated in the mineral cha- 

 racter of the sandstones or shales either over or under the 

 Anthracite seams, or of any other coal-seam. 



The example from Nova Scotia is a vertical section, on the 



