118 Horner' » Geological Address. 



age of the white chalk, including the period from the gault 

 to the Maestricht beds. As a detailed account of these beds 

 and their fossil contents is given in the first volume of the 

 Society's Journal, I need not dwell further upon them, ex- 

 cept to give a statement of the general results. There is a 

 remarkable generic accordance between the fossil molluscs, 

 corals, ecliinoderms, fish and saurians, and those of the same 

 series in Europe ; out of sixty shells collected by Mr Lyell, 

 five seem to be quite identical with European species, while 

 several others approach very near to, and may be the same 

 as, European ; fifteen may be regarded as good geographical 

 representatives of well-known cretaceous fossils, belonging 

 for the most part to beds above the gault. This amount of 

 correspondence is not small, when it is considered that the 

 part of the United States where these cretaceous beds occur, 

 is from 3000 to 4000 miles distant from the chalk of Central 

 and Northern Europe, and that there is a difference of 10° 

 in the latitude of the places compared on the opposite sides 

 of the Atlantic. " Some of the species common to the oppo- 

 site sides of the Atlantic are those which in Europe have the 

 greatest vertical range, and which might therefore be ex- 

 pected to recur in distant parts of the globe." He concludes 

 with the following remarks : — " We learn from the facts 

 mentioned, that the marine fauna, whether vertebrate or in- 

 vertebrate, testaceous or zoophytic, was divided at the remote 

 period under consideration, as it is now, into distinct geo- 

 graphical provinces, although the geologist may everywhere 

 recognise the cretaceous type, whether in Europe or America, 

 and I might add India. This peculiar type exhibits the pre- 

 ponderating influence of a vast combination of circumstances 

 prevailing at one period throughout the globe — circumstances 

 dependent on the state of the physical geography, climate, 

 and the organic world in the period immediately preceding, 

 together with a variety of other conditions." 



Tertiary Deposits. 



The tertiary deposits of Russia, exclusive of a few patches 

 of very recent age, are most expanded in the southern parts 

 of the empire, those of Eocene and of Miocene ages both oc- 



