412 Mr Edmonds Jun. on Thunder-stonns 



It must not be assumed that the surface of the Carse, when 1 as <- 

 under the sea, was as level as it now appears. The action of the 

 streams in meandering through it for some thousands of years, and the 

 growth of peal afterwards filling up the hollows, would contribute to 

 equalize the surface, which, after all, is not so level as it seems. 



The deepest part of the present Frith is at Queensferry, where 

 the erosive action of the tide has been greatly increased by the con- 

 traction of the channel to a narrow gorge 1 mile in breadth. When 

 the sea covered the Carse to the depth of 60 or 100 feet, the space 

 between Abbey Crag and Stirling would form a gorge similar to the 

 Ferry, and we would expect to find it equally profound. Accordingly 

 Mr Bald informs us, that though a bore of 30 feet generally reaches 

 the rocky bottom eastward from Abbey Crag, no bore has ever reached 

 the bottom between Abbey Crag and Stirling. (Statistical Account 

 of Logic Parish). 



There is a terrace on the east side of the road from St Ninians to 

 Stirling, which is probably a remnant of the *' 22 fathom beach ;" and 

 between Grangemouth and Falkirk there is a succession of terraces, 

 the highest of which, I think, has nearly the same elevation. 



The western part of Demyat presents many abraded surfaces of 

 rock. They are well seen on the cart-road that passes up by Logie 

 Church. At one spot on the road, the height of which I estimated 

 at 500 feet, I found very distinct strise, whose direction was WNW., 

 and ESE., which is very nearly the bearing of the valley of the Forth 

 from Stirling to Grangemouth. 



On the Great Thunder-storms and Extraordinary Agitations 

 of the Sea, on hth July, and 1st August 1 846. By RiCHARD 

 Edmonds Junr., Esq. (Read at the Penzance Natural 

 History Society, on 11th August 1846.) 



The extraordinary agitation of the sea in different parts of Mount's 

 Bay at the commencement of the great thunder-storm which passed over 

 Britain on the 5th ult., was noticed at the last meeting of this Society.* 



* The following is the description given of it by Mr Edmonds : — " The pre- 

 cise time when the oscillation of the 5th of July commenced I cannot learn, but 

 it was observed at Marazion as early as half-past four in the morning, imme- 

 diately after a terrific thunder-storm, the tide being about four hours ebb. One 

 of the persons who witnessed the extraordinary motion and agitated state of the 

 water said, ' the sea seemed as if it had been struck by the lightning.' It was 

 observed at Penzance and Newlyn between six and seven a.m., when the at- 

 tention of a fisherman, in the latter place, was arrested by seeing the bows of 

 the boats, moored near the shore, not as usual facing the wind (then about N.) 

 but turned against a current which was moving alternately N. and S. Boats 



