368 List of Patents. 



ever, entirely of the Lapland features. Summer lasts only from ten 

 to twelve weeks ; and in December the day lasts from eleven till two 

 o'clock, and even these three hours are not what we would call day- 

 light, but rather a kind of twilight. A few niiles further on, they 

 do not see the sun at all for a whole month. The population here 

 is very sparse ; fishing and breeding of cattle furnish the only means 

 of subsistence, llein-deers are much used : a rich peasant has from 

 three to four hundred; the Laplanders several thousand. Very ^ew 

 are seen here in summer, for as soon as the snow thaws in spring, 

 they are driven into the forests. In autumn, almost the whole popu- 

 lation go out ; a large space is fenced in, and after tedious driving, 

 they collect the half-wild rein-deer, and each individual selects his 

 own — they are all marked — and takes them l:^pme. The whole 

 winter the rein-deer keep round the bays and inlets, and feed 

 themselves by scraping out the moss from under the snow, and the 

 peasants, consequently, do not have to look out for their feeding. 

 For the winter, some dozen or two are broken in for the harness, 

 for there are hw horses here, and higher up none. A rein-deer 

 sledge (in Laplandish piilka) is shaped like a boat (conat). Reins 

 are not used as with horses, only a strap round the neck. The 

 animal may be in quickest motion, but so soon as I pull the strap 

 to the side, it stands still. In driving in the pv.lka, we make use 

 of cloaks of rein-deer hide, through a hole in which the head is 

 thrust. * * * Almost the whole of June, I could see the sun all 

 night from the hill-tops, considerably above the horizon. Night was 

 as light as day, and I could make the most careful drawino-s and 

 minute examinations of minerals. In June and July we had intense 

 heat, accompanied by innumerable gnats and flies. The peasants 

 guard themselves against these tormentors by covering their face and 

 hands with tar. I had a mask of gauze." — (^SilUman's Journal, 

 vol. xi., 2d Series, p. 136.) 



List of Patents granted for Scotland from 22d December 1851 

 to 24th March 1852. 



1. To James Macnee, of Glasgow, in the county of Lanark, North 

 Britain, merchant, " improvements in the manufacture or production of 

 ornamental fabrics." — 26th December 1851. 



2. To Jean Antoine Farina, of Paris, in the state of France, pro- 

 prietor, " a process for manufacturing paper from a certain material." — 

 26th December 1851. 



3. To Francis Hastings Greenstreet, of Albany Street, Momington 

 Crescent, in the county of Middlesex, " improvements in coating and or- 

 namenting zinc." — 29th December 1851. 



