18 



NOTES AND QUERIES. 



[2ni S. Vlll. July 2. '59. 



ened bis flanks with field-works and fascines." 

 Ibrahinis troops had only arrows (no guns). 

 The Indians reported that not less than 40,000 

 perished in the battle and pursuit."* The battle 

 lasted from soon after sunrise till noon. 



The introduction of artillery into India by the 

 French and English is not much beyond one 

 hundred years. W. H. 



Oriental Club. 



" The Bells were rung Backwards " (2""* S. vii. 

 375.) — This custom is of very ancient date with 

 the Scots, although no authority I have consulted 

 fixes the exact period. In the boisterous days of 

 Prince Charlie, their practice was, after a defeat 

 in battle, to muffle the bells, and this they called 

 " backward ringing," rendered by Scott in the 

 words of Minnie's Query. Minnie will do well 

 to consult a work by the Messrs. Chambers on 

 the Scottish manners and customs, &c., which 

 contaiiis much that is interesting. Frank Lamb. 



Sale of Villeins (2"« S. vii. 497.) — I extract 

 the following article from S. Collet's Relics of 

 Literature, 8vo. London, 1823, p. 260. : — 



"In the township of Porthaetliwj', the power of a 

 feudal proprietor to sell bis vassals or villains, as well 

 as his cattle, was exemplified to so late as tbe reign of 

 Henry VII., as appears from tbe following translated 

 document : — 



« ' Edfrj-ed Fychan ap Ednyfed, Dafydd ap Griflfyd, 

 and Howell ap Dafj'dd ap Rj'ridd, free tenants of our 

 Lord tbe King, in the township of Rhandirgadog, have 

 given and confirmed unto William ap Griffyd ap Guilj'ni, 

 Esq., free tenants of Porthmael, seven of our natives, 

 viz. — Horsell Matte, and Llewellyn ap Dafydd dew ; 

 Dafydd and Howell ap Matto, ap Dafydd dew ; Llewellyn 

 ap Evan goch, and Jevan ap Evan ddu, with their suc- 

 cessors procreated, and to be procreated, and all their 

 goods,' &c. Dated at Rhandirgadog, June 20'i», Hen. VII." 



However, the above document does not seem 

 to me to afford evidence that this transfer of vil- 

 leins was by way of sale. Ache. 



Christian in his notes on Blackstone (ii. 96. n. 

 5.), says, " The last claim of villenage which we 

 find recorded in our courts, was in the 15th Jas. I., 

 Noy, 27 ; 11 Harg. St. Tr. 342." T. J. Buckton. 



Lichfield. 



Kniglits created by Oliver Cromwell (2"^ S. vii. 

 476.) — In reply to Ithuriel's Query I can fur- 

 nish him with the name of another person who 

 was knighted by the usurper Oliver Cromwell. This 

 person was Thomas Dickenson, a merchant who 

 was knighted in 1657, while Lord Mayor of York. 

 This was the second time he had served the office, 

 having been lord mayor for the first time in 1647. 

 I have not succeeded in finding in the British 

 Museum the list referred to by your corresi)on- 

 dent. J. A, Pn. 



* See translation of Baber's Memoirs, by Erskine of 

 Bombay. 



Scala Celi (2"^ S. vi. 111. 179. 238.) — 1529, 

 May 23. Richard Sykes of Stainton, co. York, by 

 his will of that date, gave to the Grey Friars in 

 Doncaster d>d. to say two masses at Scala Cele. 



As this bequest is so small in amount, and the 

 locality of the Scala Celi is not mentioned, it is 

 probable that these Grey Friars had a chapel of 

 that name within the precincts of their own house 

 in Doncaster. J. S. 



"History of Judas'' (2"'* S. vii. 455.)— The title 

 of the German original is — 



"Judas der Ertz-schelm fiir eberliche Leuth, oder 

 eigentlicher EntwurfF und Lebensbeschreibug dess Isca- 

 riotischen Bosswicht, vorinnen underschiedliche Discurs, 

 sittliche Lehrs-puncten, Gedicht, und Geschicht, auch 

 sehr reicher Vorrath Biblischer Concepten, welche nit 

 allein einem Prediger aufF der Canzel sehr dienlich fallen, 

 der jetzigen verkehrten, bethorzten, versehrten Welt die 

 Wahrheit under die nasen zu reiben ; sondern es kan sich 

 auch dessen ein privat und einsamber Leser zur erspriess- 

 licher Zeitvertreibung, und gewiinschten Seelen-hayl 

 gehauchen. Zusamen getragen durch Pr. Abrubama h 

 S. Clara, Augustiner Baarfiisser, Kayserlichen Prediger, 

 &c. Erster Theil, Saltzburg, 1686, 4to. pp. 708. 



I have not seen the second part, but this carries 

 the history of Judas farther than the translation. 

 I cannot say how far, for the legends of Judas are 

 so scattered and mixed with pious exhortations, 

 points, platitudes, and good and bad jokes, that 

 the biography is swamped. The book is an excel- 

 lent manual for preachers of Fray Gerundio's 

 school, and might be studied with advantage by 

 our contemporary pulpit humourists, whose facetice 

 are wearing threadbare. Under this bufibonery 

 there is good store of practical sense and sound 

 morality. 



I do not find the Life of Jiulas in any account 

 of Diego Hurtado de Mendoza's works, and sus- 

 pect that his name was added to the title-page 

 because he wrote Lazarillo de Tormes. 



FiTZHOPKINS. 

 Garrick Club. 



Sir James Adolphus Oughton, K. B. (2"*^ S. vii. 

 516.) — Sometimes Sir Jas. Adolphus Dickson 

 Oughton, who had served in the 55th foot, was in 

 1762 appointed colonel of the 3Ist foot, commonly 

 called the " Young Buffs," from the regiment 

 having buflf facings. He was major-general in 

 August, 1761, and lieut.-general in April, 1770. 

 The time of his decease was probably about 1780. 

 I am not aware whether he were married, or not. 

 The most convenient references I can give your 

 correspondent for the above particulars are Beat- 

 son's Political Index (edition 1806), vol. ii. 135 — 

 229. ; vol. iii. 433. Amicus. 



This officer was a member of the Oughton fa- 

 mily who resided at Sutton Coldfield. Mr. Joseph 

 Oughton, who was High Sheriff of Warwickshire 

 in 1792, was descended from an ancient family in 

 Warwickshire, and one of its members was raised 



