2"d S. VIII. Sept. 10. '59.] 



NOTES AND QUERIES. 



219 



and white, it seems most likely that they chose 

 the arms of the infumous Duke of Orleans, but 

 shorn of the fleurs-de-lys. I may here mention 

 that I possess one of the original tricolor cockades, 

 worn by a near relative in Paris in the Champ de 

 Mars, July 14, 1790. It has an engraving in blue, 

 on silk, in the centre, representing an angel writ- 

 ing on an oval these words : " La Federation 

 Frangaise faite au Champ de Mars, le 14 Juillet, 

 1790." The oval is surrounded by military en- 

 signs and trophies, and below is the following : 

 " Notre union et nos armes nous ont rendu libres." 

 The cockade has a double circle of tricolor ribbon, 

 and measures five inches across. F. C..H. 



In farther elucidation of this historical subject, 

 I find a note at pp. 115, 116., torn, ii., in M. 

 Edouard Fournier's Le Vieux-Neuf, Histoire An- 

 cienne des Inventions et Decouvertes attribuees aux 

 Modernes, 2 vols. 8vo., Paris, Dentu, 1859. The 

 author, whose highly interesting work, written in 

 the same spirit as that of Louis Dutens' RecTierches 

 siir VOrigine des Decouvertes atti-ibuees aux Mo- 

 dernes, published in 1776, which M. Ed. Fournier 

 himself quotes frequently, says : — 



" The tricolor as the national colour is not a new thing. 

 It seems to have been first adopted in the time of Etienne 

 Marcel. In one of the chapters of Secousse's Recueil, the 

 partisans of the provost are mentioned as wearing silver 

 fermeilles enamelled half red and azure. In most of the 

 MSS. of that period, the miniatures are surrounded with 

 a tricolor border. This peculiarity is even sufficient, as 

 belonging exclusively to that period, to assign an almost 

 correct date to MSS. in which it occurs : it is known, to 

 a certainty, that they belong to the reign of Charles V. 

 (^Bibliotheqiie de I'JScole des Chartes, 1™ Serie, t. ii. 

 p. 70. ; Paulin Paris, Manuscrit Frangois, t. i. p. 3. ; 

 t. ii. pp. 9. 291.) Why were these three colours chosen 

 in those early seditious times? Because they already 

 figured in the arms of the Hotel de Ville, the focus of the 

 revolution. • The vessel of Paris was represented on 

 rouge ground with argent sails, floating on water of the 

 same metal: a blue band, covered with go\A fleurs-de-Us, 

 equal in width to the third of the surface of the crest, was 

 laid across the top of it. In heraldic terms, these arms 

 were expressed by saying that Paris portait de gueules, 

 sur vaisseau d'argent, fiottant siir des oiides de meme, le 

 chef cousii de France.' — Granier de Cassagnac, Le Vais- 

 seau et les Armes de Paris. (JR^ue de Paris, t, 52. p. 241.) 



* In 1789 the same cause led to the same choice. After 

 having thought a moment of adopting green, which was 

 rejected on recollecting that it was the colour of the 

 Count d'Artois, the three colours of the City were finally 

 adopted.' " (Mercier, Le Nouveau, Paris, t. i. p. 58.) 



Gallus. 



Brighton. 



Buchanan Pedigree (2°'^ S. viii. 148.) — The 

 following " Note " from Mr. Irving's forthcoming 

 History of Dumbai-tonshire, may be of use to 

 your Kilkenny correspondent : — 



" The founder of the family seems to have been Gilbert, 



* Senescallus comites de Levenax,' who obtained a grant 

 of the lands of Buchanan, and thereupon assumed that 

 name. George Buchanan's father was Thomas, the se- 

 cond son of Thomas Buchanan of Drumikill, and his 



mother, Agnes Heriot, of the family of Trabroun in East 

 Lothian. His Buchanan descent connected him with the 

 old house of Lennox. George's great-grandfather, Pa- 

 trick Buchanan of that Ilk, was a grandson of Isabella, 

 Duchess of Lennox, by her second daughter, Isabella, 

 who married Sir Walter Buchanan of Buchanan. Ge- 

 nealogists are not b}' any means at one as to the person 

 who connects the Drumikill branch with the olden stem ; 

 but Crawfurd, in indicating in his Baronage the de- 

 scent of George from Robert second of Drumikill, refers 

 to other two brothers — Robert and Thomas. Dr. Irving 

 also mentions that George Buchanan's mother was left 

 with a family of eight children — five sons and three 

 daughters ; but the family evidents do not clearly indi- 

 cate the existence of more than the three mentioned 

 above — Patrick, Alexander, and George." 



One of the historian's sisters was married to a 

 person named Morrison, whose son Alexander 

 published an edition of his uncle's paraphrase of 

 the Psalms. J. I. 



Abbreviated Names of English, Counties and 

 Toivns (2"^ S. vii. 404.) — I cannot understand 

 that Mr. Nichols has thrown any light upon the 

 abbreviation Sarum ; but I find a plausible, per- 

 haps a probable, theory of it in the late Dr. Mil- 

 lingen's Sketches of Ancient and Modern Boulogne 

 (Boulogne, 1826). Speaking of Druidical groves, 

 he says : — 



" These sacred Groves appear to have been of venerable 

 oaks, a tree consecrated to the Supreme Deitj': it was 

 called Saron, from the name of the Sun, Sar-o7i ; hence 

 the Druids were by various ancient authors denominated 

 Saronides; Saron was also a name given to rocky- 

 places, and we find an assemblage of huge stones, upon 

 various spots which had been the Theatre of Druidical 

 Worship : may not the name of our Old and New Sarum, 

 from their vicinity to Druidical remains, be derived from 

 Saron ? " 



James Knowi.es. 



Richard Mulcaster (2"^ S. vi. 50.) — I am en- 

 abled to furnish R. M. with some farther parti- 

 culars respecting this eminent schoolmaster. In 

 the registers of Laurence Pountney parish the 

 following entries occur : — 



« Bapt. 15C|, March 12, Silvan, son of M-^ Mulcaster, 

 scolemaster. 

 „ 1572, August 11, Peter do. 

 „ 1573, Novemb. 20, Kathrine, dau. of do. 

 Married, 158|, Feby 22, John Mintar and Margery Mul- 

 caster. 

 „ 1586, Nov 21, Edward Johnson and Anna Mul- 

 caster." 



In the Probation Books of Merchant Taylors' 

 School, I find " Richard Mulcaster, born August, 

 1602," and " Henry Mulcaster, born 1715." 



C. J. Robinson. 



Winkley Family (2"<^ S. viii. 170.) — If your 

 correspondent W. will send an outline of the pe- 

 digree he possesses, and up to the time he can 

 reach, I may probably be enabled to aid him ip 

 his inquiries, as I am acquainted with one of the 

 family. John Nuese Chadwick. 



King's Lynn. , V, 



