56 



NOTES AND QUERIES. 



[2''<> S. VIII. July 16. '59. 



Stark of Edinburgh, in a paper read by him 

 before the Royal Society of Edinburgh, and since 

 printed, along with a chart, for private circula- 

 tion. In that paper Dr. Stark proved that the 

 mildness of the winters in Britain was not de- 

 pendent on the Gulf-Stream, but on the Anti- 

 trade or south-west and westerly winds, which 

 are the prevalent aerial currents during winter. 

 Dr. Stark also showed good cause for believing 

 that the Gulf-Stream never approaches the coasts 

 of Britain, but is deflected to the south by the 

 strong Arctic current which encounters it to the 

 east of the banks of Newfoundland. The writer, 

 however, showed that the higher temperature of 

 our seas is kept up by a return branch of the 

 Arctic current, which, having got its temperature 

 raised as it crosses the Atlantic in warmer lati- 

 tudes, passes to the north along our western shores. 

 •We are led to believe that copies of Dr. Stark's 

 pamphlet were sent to many of the public libra- 

 ries, and if he has still spare copies, I feel assured 

 that any public library would receive a copy were 

 the librarian or directors to apply to him for one. 



H. M. C. 

 The principal authorities are, Humboldt (Ex- 

 amen Critique, ii. 250—257. ; iii. 64—109.), Ren- 

 nell {Currents in the Atlantic) ; Wittich {Phys. 

 Geog. i. 78—99.), and Maury (Phys. Geog. of 

 the Sea). The last work is reviewed in the British 

 Quarterly Review (July, 1859, 130— 152). The 

 long prevalence of westerly winds recently has 

 had a tendency to bring the warm water of the 

 Gulf-Stream in greater force towards the coasts 

 of Europe. {Phys. Geog. by Lloyd, p. 29. L. U. 

 K.) In reference to climate, the effect of ice-fields 

 must be considered. (Wittich, i. 59.) 



T. J. BUCKTON. 



Lichfield. 



Cromwell's Children (2"'^ S. viii. 17.) — Your 

 correspondent, Cl. Hopper, states : " Oliver, bap. 

 Feb. 6, 1622 ; died young of the smallpox." While 

 J. G. Morten, on the other hand, says : " Oliver 

 was killed in battle at the age of twenty-one." 

 Might I ask your correspondents what are their 

 respective authorities for statements which differ 

 so widely? Libya. 



Salford. 



Catalogue of Shdksperiana (2°* S. viii. 4.) — 

 Thanks are due to L. A. B. W. for his good in- 

 tention in contributing to this list ; but a little 

 more caution may be recommended to him. He 

 seems to have consulted no authority of earlier 

 date than Mr. Halliwell (1841), and to have in- 

 ferred that titles which he has not recorded had 

 not been previously noticed. Mr. Halliwell's 

 plan probably was to extend sound criticism in 

 connexion with our national dramatist ; and, con- 

 sequently, he must have known of many publica- 

 tions to which the name of Shakspeare serves as a 



passport, but which for all the worthy purposes 

 of literature are undeserving of notice. Mr. Wil- 

 son's intention was different ; and his plan em- 

 braced a wider range of publications. Accordingly, 

 L. A. B. W. will find that — 



No. 11. is An Essay towards fixing the True 

 Standards of Wit, §-c. 



No. 126. is Precious Relics, 1796. 



No. 130. is Essays, Src, Exeter, 1796. 



No. 174. is Luders's Essay on Henry F., 1813. 



But it is still more important to notice that 

 lago Displayed is in no respect a Shakspearian 

 pamphlet. It is a libellous allegation of certain 

 malversations in the War Office, the adaptation of 

 the names of lago, Cassio, and Roderigo to the 

 parties concerned being the only apparent con- 

 nexion with the tragedy of Othello. It is not 

 worth while now to attempt to identify the real 

 offenders. The effort might be attended with 

 some trouble, as the pamphlet is without date. 

 I presume L. A. B. W. has transferred the article 

 from some catalogue in which he found it, without 

 inquiring farther into the subject. As the pam- 

 phlet is not common, he might thus have occa- 

 sioned Shakspearian collectors an anxious search 

 for that which, when found, would prove worth- 

 less. ■ R. S. Q. 



Barnstaple: Barum (2"'i S. vii. 467. 521.) — If 

 Mr. Skene should happen to visit Barnstaple, he 

 would find Barum very generally inscribed on 

 carts and other vehicles belonging to Barnstaple, 

 as a well-understood name of the town. What- 

 ever may have been the origin oi Barum, the use 

 of the word is no novelty. Westcote, in his View 

 of Devonshire, written in 1630, and published by 

 Dr. Oliver and Mr. Pitman Jones in 1845, thus 

 notices the two names : — 



"Barnstaple, or Barstaple, is a very ancient borough, 

 near the mouth of the Taw, and thereof ma}' be said to 

 derive name. In the British speech, Aber Taw, the 

 mouth of the Taw, Leland will have the word Barn- 

 staple, a chief mart town upon Taw: others will deduce 

 it from Barum (the ancient name, taken from the bar at 

 the river's mouth) ; and Stapolia, which should signify 

 a fair, market, or place of trade and merchandising," p. 

 294. 



X. A. X. 



Elizabeth Long (2°'* S. viii. 38.) — Elizabeth, 

 the sole surviving daughter of Henry Long of 

 Shingay (some call him Sir Henry Long) married 

 Sir William Russell (fourth son of Francis second 

 Earl of Bedford), Governor of Flushing and Lord 

 Deputy of Ireland, ultimately created Lord Rus- 

 sell of Thornhaugh. The marriage settlement is 

 dated 30th May, 1583. The only issue of the 

 marriage was Francis, who became fourth Karl of 

 Bedford. — Collins's Peerage ; Gage's Thingoe, 

 104. 184. ; Wiffen's House of Russell, i. 506.) 



C. H» Cooper. 



Cambridge. 



