2»* S. VIII. July 80. '59.] 



NOTES AND QUERIES. 



81 



LONDON, SATURDAY, JULY 30. 1859. 



N». 187. — CONTENTS, 



NOTES : — The Lion in Greece, by Sir O . C. Lewis, 81 _ " Molly Moe," 

 34 — Kelp, 81 — Napoleon '8Esear)e from Elba, by H. D'Aveney, 86. 



Minor Notes: — Lord Howe — Harry-Sophister- Errors in Debrett 



Original of the Faust Legends — Faber v. Smith, 86. 



QUERIES: -Letters of Cranmer and Osiander: Richard Smith's Book 

 Sale, 1632, 87— Ulphilas, 76. 



Mmon QtTKBiEs : — Gloucestershire Churches — Dundalk Accommoda- 

 tion— Harding Family — Scutch Mills in Ireland— Story of Marshal 

 Turenne — Revivals of 1810 — Brathwaite — Sir Stephen Jenins, Lord 

 Mayor of London in 1508 — Booksellers' Lists — Greek Word — Lady 

 Arabella Denny— Earldom of Melfott - St. Patrick's Ridsies — En- 

 caustic Paintings at Pompeii— "The Parliament of Pimlico" and 

 "The Olio"— Aborough or Borough Family — Gilbert Burnet, M.A. 

 _ Othello by Hauff, &e., 88. 



Minor Qiteries with Answers: — Pandy — Rev. Thomas Hanison 



Route Map of Switzerland— R. Roxby and J. Shield, 89. 



REPLIES :— Dean Conybeare's "Elementary Lectures," by J. H. 

 Markland, 90- "Andrew Marvell's Letter to John Milton," by K. 

 Carruthers, 7?j. — Classical Cockneyism, 91— Celtic Remains in Ja- 

 maica, by J. H. van Lcnnep, &c., 91. 



Repiirs to Minor Queries : — The Legend of Bethsellert — Medical 

 Tract by Marat: Marat in Edinburgh — Vertue's "Draughts" — 

 L'Acad(/mie Frangaisc — Chatterton AIS. — De Foe's Descendants — 

 Watson, Yorkshire — Halls of Grcatford— Coals, when First used 

 in England- Calverley Family —" Baratariana " — Rev. George 

 Holiwell — Inn Signs by Eminent Artists — John St. Lowe — County 

 Voters' Qualification- " The Dance of Death," &c., 93. 



Notes on Books, &c. 



THE LION IN GREECE. 



9 



The lion is frequently mentioned by Homer in 

 descriptive similitudes; in such a manner as to 

 show that he was well-acquainted with the habits 

 and appearance of the animal ; whether his know- 

 ledge was acquired in Asia Minor, in Northern 

 Greece, or in the Peloponnesus (see Heyne, vol. 

 vii. p. 265. ; Lenz, Zoologie der Alien, p. 126.). 



The Greek mythology on several occasions re- 

 presents the lion as an inhabitant of Greece. The 

 Nemean lion inhabited a cavern with two mouths, 

 in Mount Treton, between Mycense and Nemea. 

 Its destruction was one of the twelve labours of 

 Hercules (Pans,, ii. 15. 2.; ApoUod., ii. 5. 1,; 

 Diod. iv. 11.), who is related to have accomplished 

 this feat by the unaided strength of his arms, and 

 without the aid of any weapon (Eur. Here. Fur., 

 153. ; Nonn., xxv. 176.). Admetus, king of 

 Pherae, loved Alcestis, the daughter of Pelias : her 

 father promised to give her to the man who should 

 harness lions and wild boars to the same chariot. 

 Apollo enabled Admetus to fulfil this condition, 

 and Admetus married Alcestis (Apollod., i. 9. 15.). 

 Adrastus, king of Argos, in obedience to an ora- 

 cle which ordered him to marry his daughter to a 

 wild boar and a lion, gave Deipyle to Tydeus, and 

 Argea to Polynices, because they bore respec- 

 tively the images of those animals on their shields 

 (ApoUod., iii. 6. 1.). 



It seems that the Macedonians, unlike the other 

 Greeks, had the custom of not erecting a trophy 

 after a victory. This custom was explained by a 

 story that Caranus, the mythical king of Mace- 

 donia, erected a trophy in commemoration of a 

 victory over Cisseus, a neighbouring king; and 



that it was overturned by a lion which descended 

 from Mount Olympus (Pans., ix. 40. 4.). It 

 was also related^ that the son of Megareus, king of 

 Megara, was slain by a lion from Mount Cithaeron ; 

 whereupon the king promised his daughter, and 

 the succession of his kingdom, to whoever should 

 kill the Cithaeronian lion. This feat was accom- 

 plished by Alcathous, son of Pelops; who, when 

 he succeeded to the throne, built a temple at 

 Megara to Diana Agrotera and Apollo Agrseus 

 (Paus., i. 41. 4.). A similar sacred legend related 

 that Diana caused Phalaecus, tyrant of Ambracia, 

 to be killed by a lioness when he was hunting. 

 In memory of this benefaction, by which they re- 

 covered their liberty, the Ambraclots erected a 

 statue, with a brazen lioness, to Diana Agrotera. 

 (Antonin. Lib., c. 4.) This story is repeated, 

 with variations, under the name of Phayllus, in 

 ^lian, N. A., xii. 40. ; Ovid, Ibis, v. 504. 



Tame lions and wolves, who had been meta- 

 morphosed from their human forms by the art of 

 Circe, likewise guarded the palace of the en- 

 chantress (Horn. Od., X. 212.). 



The story of a lion in the island of Ceos is a 

 mere etymological fable, intended to explain the 

 local name Leon (Heraclid. Pont., Pol., 9.). A 

 gigantic statue of a lion is still preserved in this 

 island. The lions on the gate of Mycenae are of 

 great antiquity ; but the occurrence of this ani- 

 mal in works of early art cannot be considered as 

 evidence of his presence in the country : sculp- 

 tured lions occur more than once in connexion 

 with Etruscan tombs, and there is no reason to 

 believe that the lion ever existed in Italy, except 

 when, in the imperial period, he was imported 

 from Africa for the combats of the amphitheatre 

 (Dennis's Etruria, vol. i. pp. 49. 251.). 



With respect to the presence of the lion in 

 Northern Greece in the year 480 b.c, Herodotus 

 gives the following precise account, in describing 

 the advance of Xerxes through Thrace and Mace- 

 donia, before the battle of Thermopylse : — 



" Xerxes and bis army marched from Acanthus 

 through the interior to Therma; and while he was on 

 his way through the Pseonian and Crestonian territories 

 to the river Echidorus, his camels, which carried corn, 

 were attacked by lions. These animals, leaving their 

 usual haunts, came at night and preyed on the camels, 

 but touched no man and no other beast. It appears mar- 

 vellous that the lions should have abstained from other 

 animals, and should have selected the camel, which they 

 had never seen or tasted. In this region there are nu- 

 merous lions, as well as wild oxen, whose horns, of im- 

 mense size, are imported into Greece. The country in 

 which the lion is found, is bounded by the river Nestua, 

 which runs through Abdera and the river Achelous in 

 Acarnania. Lions occur between these two rivers; but 

 they are never seen in the portion of Europe to the east 

 of the Nestus, or on the continent west of the Achelous " 

 (vii. 124-6.). 



The country where the camels in the army of 

 Xerxes were attacked by lions is clearly desig- 



