2°'i S. Vlir. Nov. 19. '59.] 



NOTES AND QUERIES. 



421 



in the countv of Kent, created Baronet of the same, 

 March 24, 1657. 



Henry Ingoldsby, Esq., created 31 of March, 1658. 



Henrv Wright, of Dagenhams, in Essex, Esq., created 

 Baronet March 31, 1658. 



Edmund Dunch, Esquire, of East Wittenham, in Berk- 

 shire, created Baron of the same place, April 26, 1658. 



Griffith Williams, Esq., of Carnarvon, made a Baronet 

 the 28 of May, 1658. 



Knights, when and where made. 



Sir Thomas Viner, Lord Mayor of London, at Grocers' 

 Hall, Feb. 8, 1653. 



Sir John Copleston, at White Hall, June 1, 1655. 



Sir John Reynolds, at White Hall, June 11, 1655. 



Sir Christopher Pack, Lord Mayor of London, at 

 Whitehall, Septemb. 20, 1655. 



Sir Thomas Pride, at Whitehall, Jan. 17, 1655. 



Sir John Barkstead, at Whitehall, Jan. 19, 1665. 



Sir Kichard Combe, at Whitehall, Aug. 1656. 



Sir John Dethick, Lord Mayor of London, at Whitehall, 

 Sept. 15, 1656. 



Sir George Fleetwood, of Bucks. 



Sir William Lockhart, at Whitehall, Dec. 10. 



Sir James Calthrop, of Suffolk. 



Sir Robert Tichborn, Lord Mayor of London, and Sir 

 Lislebone Long, Recorder, December 15. 



Sir James Whitlock, at Whitehall, January^ 6. 



Sir Thomas Dickeson, of York, March 3, 1656. 



Sir Richard Stainer, at Whitehall, June 11, 1657. 



Sir John Claypole, Baronet, at Whitehall, Julv 16, 

 1657. 



Sir William Wheeler, at Hampton Court, Aug. 26, 

 1657, 



Sir Edward Ward, of Norfolk, at Whitehall, No- 

 vember 2. 



" Sir Thomas Andrews, Alderman of London, at White- 

 hall, November 14. 

 * Sir Thomas Foot, Alderman "i 



Sir Thomas Atkin, Alderman VDec. 5. 



Sir John Huson, Colonel J 



Sir James Drax, at White Hall, Jan. 6. 

 », Sir Henrv Pickering) „., •, ^ u i? u i 



Sir Philip Twisleton } ^ ^'t«^^"' ^^^- ^- 



Sir John Lenthal, at Whitehall, March 9. 



Sir John Ireton, Alderman of London. 



Sir Henry Jones, at Hampton Court, July 17, 1658." 

 " Sic transit Gloria Mundi." 



H. E. 



S&i-S.S^O 



r 



SaUARING THE CIRCLK. 



(2"-' S. viii. 291.) 



Eighteen years have elapsed since I first saw 

 tlie words, " Sator arepo tenet opera rotas," which 

 were presented to me, as a " crux," by a member 

 of the University of Cambridge. I believe the 

 translation (if any) to be, " The sower holds the 

 wheels; the sower holds the works." I was informed 

 that '' tenet " is to be twice introduced, in render- 

 ing the passage into English. I have consulted 

 Riddle's Latin and English Dictionary, and cannot 

 find therein " arepo " as a word, nor can I find 

 " arepus" or " arepum," of either of which words 

 it might be corssidered the ablative case. " Ke- 

 pus " or " repum " does not exist in the Latin 

 language, as far as my limited experience serves. 

 I believe that " arepo " is " opera " reversed, and 



that the word has been introduced merely to 

 " square the circle." I need not say that I shall 

 be very glad to see in print a satisfactory solution 

 of what has hitherto been unintelligible to me. 



Another example of squaring the circle is given 

 in the words " Silo princeps fecit," which is 

 doubtless familiar to many of your readers. 



MUTO QuADBATA RoTtJNDIS. 



Perhaps the following may throw some light on 

 this question. H. B. 



Five letters squared, and reading not only forwards 

 and backwards, but upwards and downwards, are certainly 

 a great "fact accomplished." The artist, it is clear, was 

 not only ingenious, but sly. There is an apparent diffi- 

 culty, only apparent, in the second line, arepo, which is 

 not a Latin word ; and though it may be resolved into 

 either "k repo," or "hre po," or "are po" (taking "po," as 

 once it stood, for populo), neither of these is a very satis- 

 factory solution. In order, then, to get at the " true 

 interpretation," I shall beg leave, in the first place, to 

 deploy our solid square, and draw it ou£ in line. It will 

 then stand thus : — 



" Sator arepo tenet opera rotas ;" 

 which I take to be two interrogatives : — 



" Sat orare poten' ? et opera rotas ? " 

 For the interpretation whereof it must be premised that I 

 view " sat," not in its ordinary import, sufficiently, but in 

 its occasional signification of well, properly ("non sat 

 scio," I do not well know ; " non satis intelligebam," I 

 did not properly understand) ; while " poten' " we take 

 for /wfesne (as r /re', scin', for visne, scisne). Moreover in 

 the second half of the line we take the " et " to be the et 

 admirantis or iiidignantis, which often commences a ques- 

 tion (" Et vos acta Caesaris defenditis ? " " Et causam 

 dicit Sextius devi?"): "Opera "we understand in its 

 medieval sense of Church Services (" Opus Dei, sacra li- 

 turgia "), and " rotas " in its mediaeval sense of gabbling 

 (" Rotare, Effutire celeri et incurioso sermone . . . ' Quas- 

 dam resonantium sermunculorum taureas rotant ' "). The 

 whole passage, then, may be viewed as an expostulation 

 addressed to some ecclesiastical personage, possibly to the 

 unconscious minister (in 1614) of the identical church 

 where the inscription was fastened against a pew ; and its 

 literal signification will be — 



"Canst thou pray aright? and gabbiest thou the 

 Services ? " 

 In other words, — 



" Can that be a proper way of offering prayer, and j'ou 

 rattling on at such a rate ? " or, " How can you pray 

 aright, when j'ou thus gabble the Services ? " 



I must not conclude without offering a farther sug- 

 gestion. The square now before us, 5x5, has this pecu- 

 liarity, that, after a fashion, it contains in itself a date ; 

 namely, the same date that stands above it, 1614. Of the 

 five-and-twenty letters composing the square, twelve are 

 vowels, and thirteen are consonants. Taking, as it stood 

 in mediaeval times, the numerical value of all these 

 letters, that is, S as 7, A as 500, &c., the total would be 

 4908, which is far too high. But take the consonants 

 only. S occurs twice, T four times, R four times, P twice, 

 N once. What, in mediaeval days, were their numerical 

 values ? 



" Ebdomadae specie S suscipit ordine septem." 



" T quoque centenos et sexaginta tenebit." 



" Octoginta facit numerum quae dicitur hsec R." 



*' P similem cum G numerum monstratur habere." 



(« G. autem 400 designat.") 



