a new Product of Decomposition of Dinitrobenzole. 315 



substitution, in which the hydrogen, instead of being replaced 

 by chlorine or bromine, is replaced by a Compound radical, 

 namely by hyponitric acid. Whilst in the assumption of chlo- 

 rine into an organic body, the replaced hydrogen is taken up by 

 another equivalent of chlorine, forming hydrochloric acid ; in 

 the employment of nitric acid, the fifth equivalent of oxygen 

 combines with the replaced hydrogen, forming water. Ben- 

 zoic acid, HO, C 14 H 5 O s , furnishes, when treated with chlo- 

 rine,anacid, HO, C 14 {^J O s , 



which can scarcely be distinguished from the original com- 

 pound. 



Moreover, nitrobenzoic acid, which is produced by the ac- 

 tion of nitric acid upon benzoic acid, has been in many cases 

 confounded with benzoic acid. The constitution of this acid, 

 according to the theory of substitution, is 



HO ' c »{n 4 o 4 }°- 



and it therefore may be regarded as strictly analogous to 

 chlorobenzoic acid. 



In a similar way we have chloro-, bromo-and nitro-salicylic 

 acid. 



Salicylic acid . . . HO, C 14 H 5 5 



Chlorosalicylic acid . HO, C u < ™ 4 >O s 

 Bromosalicylic acid . HO, C 14 -< t»1 >O s 



Nitrosalicylic acid . HO, C 14 ^ -p^jk >O s . 



Carbazotic acid contains not less than 3 equivalents of ni- 

 trogen ; now if we suppose the whole of this element to exist 

 in the form of hyponitric acid, its empirical formula, HO, C 1o 

 H 2 N a 13 , may be theoretically represented by the follow- 



P> 



ing:— HO C S B * 



and thus it would be a simple product of substitution of the 

 compound HO, C 12 H 5 O, which was discovered by Runge in 

 coal-gas naphtha, described by him under the designation of 

 carbolic acid, the same body which was subsequently analysed 

 by Laurent, and termed by him hydrate of phenyle. In fact 

 this substance loses under the influence of chlorine, bromine 

 and nitric acid, one equivalent of hydrogen after another, into 

 the place of which a corresponding number of equivalents of 

 the elements or the compound N0 4 enter. We obtain in this 

 way a series of products of substitution, the last member of 



Y2 



