316 Drs. Muspratt and Hofmann on Nitraniline, 



which, on the one side, is chlorophenusic acid, and on the 

 other carbazotic acid. 



Hydrate of Phenyle 1 HQ c R Q 



Phenole J ,. a 



Bromophenasic acid 1 HQ Cl8 -f JM- O. 

 Bromophenole " \_Br J 



Chlorophenesic acid Itjq n S"^s\q 



Dichlorophenole j ' 12 \_C1 C ' 



Chlorophenisic acid L wn P I ^< 



Trichlorophenole J nU > ^ 12 \_C1^ 



Chlorophenusic acid A HO? C 12 Cl 5 O 



Pentachlorophenole J 14 



Nitrophenesic acid 1 HQ C Jf* \o. 

 Dimtrophenole ia ^2iN<J 4 J 



Nitrophenisic acid | CH ~1 



Trinitrophenole ^HO, C 12 <{ ^ Q VO. 



Carbazotic acid J L 4j 



The same view may be taken of the products resulting 

 from the action of nitric acid upon benzole. 



Nitrobenzole is simply benzole, in which 1 equivalent of 

 hydrogen is replaced by hyponitric acid, and in dinitrobenzole 

 2 equivalents of hydrogen are replaced, as the name implies. 



Benzole . . . C 12 H 6 . 



Nitrobenzole . C 12 4^ 



(TT 

 2NO 



The chemical character of these three compounds is not 

 essentially different. 



As the substitution of chlorine and bromine for the hy- 

 drogen of organic bodies has only recently been extended to 

 bases, so until now the replacement of hydrogen by hypo- 

 nitric acid has been limited to acids and neutral bodies ; it 

 therefore appeared to be a point of great interest to ascer- 

 tain whether indeed N0 4 also could replace hydrogen in 

 basic compounds without destroying their electro-positive 

 character. There have been, in fact, some investigations 

 made in this direction. Laurent lately discovered a new base 

 among the products of distillation of hydrobenzamide, re- 

 markable for its high atomic weight. This base, which may 

 be obtained in fine crystals, and is by Laurent called lophine, 

 is converted, when boiled with nitric acid, into a yellow cry- 

 stalline powder, which manifestly must be considered a pro- 

 duct of substitution of lophine. Laurent's analysis gives the 



