LANCASHIEE, CHESHIRE, AND NORTH WALES. 73 



With the exception of less than a million tons, the whole 

 of this large output appears to have been consumed in the 

 district, and importations also were made from South Wales, 

 Yorkshire, &c. 



The exports from Liverpool for the year are stated at 

 105,952 tons coastwise, and 277,645 tons foreign. Ship- 

 ments were also made from North Wales, Preston, &c. 

 About 50,000 tons also were sent from Lancashire by rail 

 to London and the south. 



The number of persons employed in and about the col- 

 lieries in 1852 amounted to 38,800: of whom 31,950 were 

 employed underground ; and 6,850 on the surface ; viz. : — 



The average get of coals per person employed varies of 

 course according to circumstances, such as the facilities for 

 working, the extent to which machinery and horses are 

 applied in drawing, the distance of the workings from the 

 shaft, the capabilities of workmen, &c. The average get of 

 the district for the year was 310 tons per person underground. 

 The numbers being for Lancashire and Cheshire 324 tons, and 

 North Wales 222. In Lancashire and Cheshire an ordinary 

 collier, in a four feet seam, works about 4 tons a day. Each 

 collier has an assistant called a drawer, who trams the coals 

 to the horse road or the shaft. This reduces the get per 

 person to 2 tons per day. Sinkers, pony-drivers, road-men, 

 firemen, hookers-on, furnace-men, engineers, brakesman at 

 inclines, and other deadworkmen, doorboys, and underlookers, 

 together with the holiday of one day per fortnight, usually 

 conceded to underground workmen, complete the reduction of 

 the get per person to about the average stated. 



The seams at present worked vary in thickness from 11 

 L 



