OF THE NORTH-WEST OF ENGLAND. 247 



Whiston Section. 



Proceeding towards Liverpool, after leaving the Railway 

 Station at Kenrick's Cross, the upper new red sandstone is 

 seen taking a moderate dip to the west. Near the Wooden 

 Bridge, at Whiston, it appears a good deal fractured, and dips 

 south-south-east,* at an angle of 25°, is much discoloured, 

 and traversed by joints containing black oxide of manganese. 

 The dip increases to an angle of 65° east of the bridge, and 

 then 98 yards of coal-measures are seen protruding through the 

 sandstone. These strata belong to the upper coal-field, and 

 consist of red and greenish mottled clays, containing a bed of 

 limestone, about two feet in thickness, resembling that found 

 at Ardvvick, and a rock of reddish gritstone on the east of the 

 bridge. The strata dip to the west at an angle of 24°, which 

 gradually diminishes as you proceed westwards until they 

 reach the upper new red sandstone, where it is only 5°. 

 Three or four inches of soft red clay intervene betwixt the 

 coal-measures and the upper new red sandstone. The last- 

 named rock, when it appears, is much discoloured. At first 

 its angle of dip is 50° to the west, but this soon lessens to 30°, 

 and it then, in the distance of a few hundred yards, disappears, 

 and is succeeded by the Halsnead and Huyton coal-field. 



HuYTON Section. 



After the disappearance of the upper new red sandstone in 

 the last section, some of the higher portions of the Halsnead 

 coal-field are seen on the railway dipping eastwards, but no 

 good section appears until you reach the Huyton Flag Quarry. 

 The flag-rock there seen is the one well known in the neigh- 

 bourhood of Bury and Rochdale as the Upper Flag or Old 



* This dip appear* to hava b«en originally to the west, but by the protrasion 

 of the coal-measures is altered to the south.south-east. 



