01' THK NORTH-WEST OF ENGLAND. 



249 



doubt that the permian beds would be found under it, as 

 is the case at Manchester and other places. The lowest 

 portion of this last group, that is to say, the lower new red 

 sandstone, holds immense volumes of water, and it is rather 

 surprising that no attempts have been made to reach it by 

 boring. In all the expensive and laborious investigations by 

 geologists and engineers in the contest for the New Water 

 Works at Liverpool little attention was paid to this fact. If 

 a tithe ot the money spent in the legal fight had been judici- 

 ously expended in making a deep bore-hole, it is most probable 

 that the town would have been supplied with plenty of water, 

 and much valuable information on the geology of the district 

 would have been afforded to the public ; at any rate, an 

 entirely independent supply of water would have been obtained 

 in addition to that now derived from the upper new red 

 sandstone. 



Grimshaw Delph Section. 



N.W. 



Lower 

 new red 



00° ■='5'5?^r.OOO 



This quarry is situated in the western part of Upholland, 

 and is composed of rough rock, one of the lowest members of 

 the coal formation above the millstone grits. Its dip is to the 

 north-north-west, at an angle of 16°. On its dip it is traversed 

 by a great fault, running from south-east to north-west, which 

 brings in a rock which I consider to be lower new red sand- 

 stone. This deposit has a slight dip to the north-west, and 

 has been used as a moulding sand. It is from its consistency, 

 grain, colour, and general appearance, that I class it as a 

 permian deposit, for I can get no evidence of the strata which 

 lie above or under it, owing to the covering of drift which 

 envelopes the district. Its thickness I cannot ascertain, but 

 2 I 



