252 MR. E. W. BINNEY ON THE PERMIAN BEDS 



Stone is said to have been reached by boring between Cannon 

 Winder and Ravend's Winder, and close to Lower Hosker." 



After having only seen the small conglomerate bed of 

 South Lancashire of but two or three feet in thickness, and 

 at Sutton only occurring in nodules, I was surprised to meet 

 at Rougham Point, near Humphrey Head, south of Flook- 

 borough, with a bed of red conglomerate of full 50 feet in 

 thickness. It is exposed to this extent, and bears evidence 

 of a considerable portion having been removed by the action 

 of the waves of the sea. The pebbles composing it are of 

 all sizes up to that of a man's head; many of them being 

 rounded and others angular. They chiefly consist of the 

 mountain limestone of the district, some of the latter being 

 hollow and filled with spar. There are also a few dark- 

 coloured red sandstones and pieces of red ironstone, all 

 cemented together by a weak sandy calcareous cement. The 

 stooe is known in the neighbourhood by the name of "cement 

 stone." It is regularly stratified, and parted in some places 

 by beds of soft sand of a dark red colour, and at its base 

 appears to pass into a slightly coherent red sandstone of great 

 thickness. This last rock appears to have reached from 400 

 to 500 feet in depth, judging from the space left between it 

 and the mountain limestone ; but it is now washed away, the 

 sea having apparently removed it all the distance to the west 

 and north, and left the conglomerate as an island surrounded 

 by marsh land (alluvium), having the mountain limestone of 

 Humphrey Head to the east and that of Lower Allithwaite 

 to the north, to both of which it is evidently unconformable. 



The limestone of Humphrey Head dips to the east-north- 

 east at an angle of 15°, and the conglomerate and lower new 

 red sandstone dip to the east-south-east at an angle of 10°. 



The pieces of limestone in the conglomerate, especially the 

 large ones, are regularly stratified, and bear every evidence 

 of having been arranged by water; and the sea at high 

 tides removes the stones out of their cement, and after rolling 



