268 MR. E. W. BINNEY ON THE PERMIAN BEDS 



geologist to suspect the red sandstone and conglomerate of 

 Dumfries to be permian.* 



The carboniferous strata appear to have been affected by 

 two distinct periods of disturbance, namely, the first which 

 occurred prior to the formation of the permian beds, as shewn 

 by the hollows and eroded surfaces in and on which the latter 

 now lie and repose in the neighbourhood of Manchester, and 

 at Stenkreth Bridge, Rougham Point, and West House; 

 and the second like those of Norbury, Collyhurst, Patricroft, 

 Bedford, Atherton, Edge Green, Sutton, Barrow Mouth, 

 Aughill, and Brough, which have taken place since the 

 deposition of the permian beds, as is evident from the present 

 position of both formations. Professor Sedgwick remarks, 

 " that the magnesian conglomerates close to Brough, have 

 been tilted by the action of the Pennine fault, in the same 

 manner as the carboniferous beds on which they rest ; whilst 

 the same conglomerates near Kirkby Stephen rest almost ho- 

 rizontally on the edges of the beds which have been tilted by 

 the action of the Craven fault; and hence we may conclude 

 that the two faults, although both were produced near the end 

 of the palaeozoic period were not strictly contemporaneous — 

 the Craven fault being the older of the two."t These views 

 appear to me not only applicable to the district of Kirkby 

 Stephen and Brough, but also to the greater part of the 

 country described in this paper. The first-named disloca- 

 tions representing the Craven and the last named the Pennine 

 fault. The great dislocations at Ardwick and Bradford, 



permian beds of the north-west of England as I am now, or I should have 

 recognized it immediately as permian. In Mr. Watts' quarry at Craigs, the 

 first sandstone dipped due west at an angle of 36°, whilst the conglomerate 

 appeared to dip to the west at an angle of 7°, so these two beds are not always 

 conformable to each other. 



* See his paper on the Silurian Rocks of South Scotland, printed in vol. vii. 

 p. 163, of the Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society. 



f Vol, VIII., p. 38, of the Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society. 



