LLANDUDNO PARISH. 177 



Hippuris vulgaris, common marestail. Diganwy. 

 The fructification of this plant exhibits a con- 

 traction and expansion produced by changes 

 in the state of the atmosphere. Similar phe- 

 nomena are exhibited by the awns of the 

 walking oat, (avena fatua) and of the gerania; 

 and in the seeds of ferns, especially the pteris 

 aquilina, or common brake. 



CalUtriche verna. Vernal water starwort. Com- 

 mon. 



C. autumnalis. Autumnal water star wort. 

 Llanrhos. Botanists do not seem to agree in 

 admitting this species. I have not observed 

 any specific differences between it and the 

 common starwort, unless time of flowering and 

 submersion be considered as distinctions. 



Class TL— DIANDRIA. 



Ligustrum vulgare. Common privet. This 

 shrub, so valuable both as an ornament and a 

 fence to our meadows, is not common in a 

 native state. It grows plentifully at Llandud- 

 no, on the S. and S. E. sides of the rock. 

 From its elevated native habitat, the privet 

 frequently retains its leaves during the winter, 

 when it is planted in warm low situations. 



Fraxinus excelsior. Common ash. Found in 

 the same situations as privet. From its stunted 

 z 



