454 EFFECTS OF SEVERE COLD ON PLANTS. 



months, and then dying. I can scarcely say , that any evergreen tree or shrub 

 escaped injury altogether, though some few species suffered very little. Perhaps 

 the more convenient method of stating the extent of injury to different species 1 

 will be to group them in accordance with it. 



1. Killed. — Fuchsia globosa, Fuchsia coccinea, Calceolaria integrifolia, Cistus 

 ladaniferus, Reseda fruticulosa, Malcomia maritima, the latter of various growth, 

 from the smallest seedlings up to plants in bud. Ixia crocata, Common Myrtles 

 of two years growth, raised from seeds, and several species of Mesembryan- 

 themum, all under hand-glasses, with the protection of a few dry leaves. These 

 were all killed ; and the Cauliflowers, young and old, shared the same fate ; as 

 did also every root of Celery. 



2. Not wholly destroyed. — The Common Laurestinus suffered greatly, a few 

 shrubs died, and out of nearly a hundred not one of them had a stem left alive 

 above ground; but nine-tenths shot vigorous suckers from the root early in 

 spring. Of Erica Mediterranea and Erica Australis, old plants were completely 

 killed ; one young specimen of each of these Heaths had about an inch of the 

 lower part of the stem above ground left alive, which shot young branches ; 

 but the stem of E. Mediterranea being split, the branches died away in June. 

 Almost all the Common Stocks and Wall-flowers, except very young plants, were 

 killed; Vines in pots, of one and two summers' growth, were all injured in the 

 wood, and some of them killed ; the pots were half sunk in the ground. I think 

 these Vines died from the root upwards. Of Broccoli only five per ce.nt. sur- 

 vived. The rest of the Cabbage tribe escaped better, but several plants of the 

 different varieties died immediately after the frost ceased. Half the Turnips 

 were killed ; the roots of the Garden Turnip, the leaves of the Swedish, suffer- 

 ing most. 



3. Destroyed, excepting the roots or main-stems. — This was the fate of most of 

 the evergreen shrubs. Many of them were killed to the surface of the ground, 

 only the subterranean portions remaining alive. Others were killed nearly to 

 the ground; but healthy and strong shoots broke from the lower part of the 

 stems, a few inches above the soil. A few plants were killed entirely. These 

 different degrees of injury were seen in shrubs of the same species. Amongst those 

 injured in this way we may enumerate the Common Laurel, Common Strawberry- 

 tree, evergreen Oaks, Phillyreas, Common Myrtle (raised by cuttings a»d under a 

 hand-glass), Common Bay, Common Lavender, Rosemary, Vaccinium arctostaphy- 

 los, Aucuba Japonica, several Roses (monthly, China, and noisettes), Tussilago 

 fragrans, Tamarix Gallica, Cytisus albus, Spartium scoparium, Ulex Europceus. 



Two kinds of Fuchsia, namely, Fuchsia conica, and another, probably a seedling 

 variety, survived, though all the branches above ground were destroyed, as usual. 

 Out of about three hundred Laurels, only four retained any leaves alive till April. 



